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A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)

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First published 1990 (DOST Vol. VII).
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Rander, Render, v. Also: randir, -yr, -re; raunder; raynder; rendar, -ir, -re. [ME (c1325) and e.m.E. render, -ir, rendre (Caxton), F. rendre, pop. L. ^*rendre, L. reddere.] To render.Rare before 1500. Common in Doug., in various senses.

I. tr. 1. To hand over or commit (a person or thing) to someone else.There is possible ambiguity between (2) and 3 (1) below.(1) a1400 Leg. S. xxx 406.
That scho mycht thare resawit be, & tak the habyt, & … Rendryt be to thame as bruthyre 1513 Doug. ii x 195.
Rendir me to the Grekis or suffir me The bargane agane begun at I may se(b) 1533 Bell. Livy II 66/18.
Thay … commandit thame to rander thare emprioure as presoner c1590 Fowler I 281/201.
He which semed to rander me into your cursed hands 1596 Dalr. I 230 marg.
Aidan refuses to rander sum nobil men … quha to him war fled for refuge a1649 Drummond I 14/163.
To none of all those gods I would her rander [: wander] a1686 Turner Mem. 157.
The rebells horsmen … rod thorough the village … crying aloud, ‘Rander your prisoner … or you shall all dy’(2) 1567 Anderson Collect. Mary I 149.
To rendar and delivar the same, with all artillerie, pouldir, and inventiouns being thairin 1569 Canongate Ct. Bk. 63.
To rander and deliver to Issobell Alesoun … ane kirtill of mellay claith [etc.] 1582–3 Perth B. Ct. 5 Feb.
Alexander Chalmer merchand … to rander and deliuer to Patrik Flemyng … the plenissing following 1583 Prot. Bk. J. Mason 223.
David Neill … oblist him … to rander and deliver … ane last of … Ilis hering … upoun the key 1596 Dalr. II 353/6.
Tha crauet that stipend to be randerit in thair absens to thame 1639 St. A. Baxter Bks. 105.
The deacone … eftir the electioun of the new deacone sall rander and delyver the samyne armour to the new deacone

b. To rander (a person) in (a place), to send, or send back, to. 1572-5 Diurn. Occurr. 290.
The said Alexander … [was] randerit in the castell of Edinburgh, as pledge for souertie 1596 Dalr. II 1/15.
His [Bruce's] wyfe als was tane … and randiret in Ingland, quhair in presoun sche is layd — 1589–90 James VI in Jervise Land of the Lindsays 290.
Quhen Godd randeris me in Skotlande, I sall [etc.]

2. To bestow (favour, praise, success, etc.) on (to, unto) a person; to accord, grant.Also, const. indirect obj. 1527 Douglas Corr. 118.
The greit kyndnes … and speciall favouris ȝour hienes has done and daily dois randir unto my simpilnes a1585 Arbuthnot Maitl. Q. 98/3.
And rander to thy maker gloir c1590 Fowler I 105/20.
Ane other Alexander, To whome Dame Fortoun … such succes did not rander c1600 Montg. Suppl. xxvi 5.
Persewing hir may rander thé relaise

3. To give up, relinquish or resign (a material or non-material thing) to another.Also const. indirect obj. or without const.(1) 1513 Doug. ii vii 52.
Thai sal ws rendir [Ruddim. rander] thir harnes of thar bakkis 1561 Peebles B. Rec. I 272.
The counsale ordanis James Douchell to rander the keyis of the west wolt … to the officiaris a1597-1617 Hist. James VI (1804) 123.
The clerks … to the Lords of Sessioun [were] compellit to rander the buicks of parliament unto thame 1605–6 Reg. Privy C. VII 68.
The haill inhabitantis … to rander thair haill limfaddis [etc.] … to the said Robert Hepburne 1622-6 Bisset II 230/26.
The admirall sall compell governouris of schipis … to rander all powlder, harnes palions and ankeris of schipis c1650 Spalding II 123.
Efter he had randerit his armes, he wes schot deid 1654 Dumfries Council Min. 30. Oct.
Him to remayne in waird whill he rander his burges tickett to be cancellit(2) 1533 Boece 98.
Affrayit that … thai mycht be impellit to … rander thare liberte 1548 Corr. M. Lorraine 249.
Thay … wald randyr bagsaif and livis and nocht to be haldin as preso[n]aris 1611-57 Mure Early Misc. P. xxi 42.
Rander [: Alexander] 1581-1623 James VI Poems II 118/8.
All thease … must rander & giue place(b) a1585 Maitl. Q. 110/81.
My wit, my force and haill ingyne Heir I doe raunder to ȝour reuerence(3) Boece 321. c1552 Lynd. Mon. 1589.
With sic wordis of blasphemacioun to perpetual tormentis [he] randerit his miserabill goist 1567 G. Ball. 162.
My spreit I rander in thy handis, Eternal God of veritie 1569-73 Bann. Memor. 334.
Betwixt sax and sevin houris at evin … he randerit the spreit 1596 Dalr. II 138/18.
A bony barne, quhilk borne, baptiset, randirit to God the lyfe now receiuet

b. To rander up, in the same senses. — 1513 Doug. x i 119.
Idalya Quhar rendryt vp all armys [L. positis inglorius armis] … Duryng hys age he sobir lyfe may led c1590 Fowler I 34/205.
These lovers … ar about to rander wp to him thair spreits and lyfe 1627 Bk. Carlaverock II 104.
I haue their hand writt to render up their places at your honoure's comminge

c. To surrender, hand over (a castle, town, etc.) to an enemy or superior.(a) 1529 Rec. Earld. Orkney 58.
And on force gart me rander and deliver your grace's hous to thame 1531 Bell. Boece I 223.
He randerit all the strenthis of his realme, to have peace with Romanis 1533 Boece 70.
Britouns … stuffit castellis with garnisoun, quhen but debate thai war in handis randerit Ib. 261b.
That … thai suld mare facile resaue the Scottis regiouns randerit or ellis suld oureride the samyn 1549 Corr. M. Lorraine 287.
Randyr 1569 Reg. Morton I 43.
All … havaris, keparis, withhaldaris and indwellaris of the abbay and place of Melros … to rander and deliver the samyn to Williame Douglas 1570 Leslie 263.
The castell of Hames … was now holliely randerit … to the King of France obedience 1572 Reg. Privy C. II 130.
Souerteis … that the hous and castell of Callendar … salbe randerit and deliverit to oure soverane lord … quhen the saidis cautionaries salbe requirit 1569-73 Bann. Mem. 43.
How sone he felt the strenth of the culuering battred, … he randered the hous a1597-1617 Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 235.
The capten … was resoluit to rander the hous in the Queene of England's fauor, to hir lieutennent c1650 Spalding I 241.
Thir tua strenthis wes, (at the treattie of pacificatioun,) randerit to the king(b) 1585 Cal. Sc. P. VIII 76.
I writ unto yow before that Andverp was renderit 1611-57 Mure Early Misc. P. ii 74.
Rendir the fortresse, and his suirest scheild 1630-1651 Gordon Geneal. Hist. 275 marg.
The rock of Berissay rendered by Neill Macloyd to the Clanchenizie(c) a1595 Cullen Chron. Aberd. 40.
Raynderitt

4. reflex. To give (oneself) up, to surrender.(a) 1530 Lynd. Test. Pap. 928.
I dreid, be thay assailȝeit, Thay rander thame 1531 Bell. Boece I 6.
The pepil seand him mercifull, randrit thair self and thair guddis 1549 Compl. 113/9.
Diuerse citeis and castellis of Italie randrit them to Annibal a1578 Pitsc. I 22/27.
[I am] content baith to rander my sellff and the castell 1596 Dalr. II 5/36.
The Inglismen … crie a larum, that the Scotis on knies had randiret thame selfes a1597-1617 Hist. Jas. VI (1825) 13.
For she … randrit hirself willinglie to the lordis 1615 Denmylne MSS in Highland P. III 184.
Thei … told thei wer cum … to rander them self(b) 1494 Loutfut MS 17a.
Erar desirand to de na to be vanceuste or rendre him til his enemys 1513 Doug. ii ii 5.
A ȝong man … that wilfully fortobe tak Rendrit hym self 1602 Colville Parænese Ep. 54.
You render … your self as men that diffyid sum vhat in your auin strenth 1660 Wodrow Hist. (1828) I 64.
He was summoned by sound of trumpet to render himself 1666-7 Blakhall Narr. 83. a1691 Kingston Contin. Ho. Seytoun 56.
The queen … was forced to capitulat with her rebells and rendered herself to their discretion

5. tr. To restore or return a thing, esp. something wrongfully appropriated, (to its rightful place, possessor, etc.). Also with bak or agane.Also with personal obj., also const. indirect obj., or without const.(1) 1531 Bell. Boece II 184.
Landis, tane afore …, [to be] randerit … to Gregoure Id. Livy I 132/12.
Thi cieteȝanis sal … rander to thé al thi gudis c1554 Makeson Genesis fol. 6.
Abimeleche intendyng … Abrahamis spows to hald … Bot God him causit to randir that guid vyfe 1558 Peebles B. Rec. I 247.
To caus … the said Andro his sone to rander and restore to him agane the saidis bot 1562–3 Waus Corr. 32.
Or ellis to rander the sovme of vij lib., contract in his chartour partie 1564 Warrender P. (S.H.S.) I 40. 1565 Perth B. Ct. 327 (11 May).
And ordanis the said Alixander to randir & deliuer the poyndis poyndit at his hinstance fra hir 1570 Leslie 42.
King Eduard lennit certaine sowmes of money to the King of Scotland … quhilkis was eftirwart randerit and paid to King Edward c1590 Fowler I 235/6.
Can these availl to rander me my lyfe? 1606 Inverness Rec. II 45. 1622-6 Bisset II 254/4.
It salbe randerred be the maister to the lenner lyke as it had bene lent to the maister him selff Ib. 232/21.(b) 1513 Doug. xii Prol. 92.
Rendryng … the gers pills thar hycht, Als far as catal … Had in thar pastur eyt Ib. xiv 118.
My body, … the life byreft, Onto my folkis thou may rendir 1590-1 R. Bruce Serm. 259.
Or they rendered this geir, they will hazard both body and soul(2) 1557-61 Admir. Ct. Bk. 86.
He randerand the hyre agane that was gevin him 1565 Inverness Rec. I 135.
[The baillies] be the ressonis foirsaids aucht not to rander the said pot agane 1568 Ib. 165.
Differris to rander the said horses agane without he be compellit a1605 Montg. Ch. & Slae 136 (W).
‘Quhat gif,’ quod he, ‘it cost thee nocht Bot rander it againe?’ 1596–1600 Warrender P. (S.H.S.) II 425.
He randrit the principall letter bak to the messinger 1611 Reg. Privy C. IX 232.
Being movit to randir bak agane some pairt thairof [etc.] 1631 Bk. Carlaverock II 47.
I do send bak by this bearer the commissioun of justiciarie … whilk I do freely rander into your handis again 1639 Dumbarton B. Rec. 60.
The cluik ordered to be rendered back 1649 Blairs P. 124.
I must be first payed of my debursements … and perfite it, rendring bak his, or apply it to a side altar 1651 Laing MSS I 263.
Which in justice sould either be keeped or the castle rendred back again(3) 1513 Doug. ii x 195.
Rendir me to the Grekis [L. reddite me Danais] Ib. vi ix 26.
‘I sal compleyt my numbir furth,’ quod he, ‘And to dim schadowis rendrit sall I be’ 1570-3 Bann. Trans. 134.
The captane … promised that he suld be rendered as he was tane 1630-1651 Gordon Geneal. Hist. 275.
Whervpon the women and children were rescued and randered

b. To give back, return (a sound). a1605 Montg. Misc. P. viii 30.
The roches rings, and rendirs me my cryis

6. To give (a non-material thing, esp. thanks) in return for something received or done. b. In fig. context, with a material thing as object.(1) 1501 Doug. Pal. Hon. 1039.
Rander [1553 rendir] louingis for thy saluatioun Till Venus 1528 Douglas Corr. 16.
We salbe glaid … to rander hartlie and mutuall kindnes … giff ony caise sall happin to occur quharin we may do plesour to ȝou a1568 Scott i 146.
Reddie ressauaris bot to rander nocht a1570-86 Arbuthnot Maitl. F. 54/160.
It is not repute vyce in this land For wrang to rander wrang equiualent c1590 Fowler I 369/23.
Loue dothe rander me For euerye ioye a care 1638 Henderson Serm. 492.
What sall I rander to the Lord for all his benefits(b) 1513 Doug. ii iii 34.
I … for my lyfe sal rendir [Ruddim., Sm. render] ȝou a gret weill Ib. ix 54.
The goddis … Eftir thi desert rendring sik gaynȝeld(2) 1501 Doug. Pal. Hon. 1296.
Infinite thankis randerand [1553 rendrand] ȝow thairfoir 1533 Boece 354b.
To randir loving and thankis to the apostill for the fare victorie 1560 Rolland Seven S. 3392.
Is this the thank, the gansell and gude deid, Thow randers me? 1566 Anderson Collect. Mary I 40.
Ȝour … lettre, for the whilk I raunder unto ȝour hienes maist humbill thanks 1588 King Cat. 32b.
Sik thankes as saule may giue, I rander to thé 1600 Hamilton Facile Tr. Pray. 6.
Randre 1603 Aberd. B. Rec. II 243.
[The] discoverie … for the quhilk we … rander yow maist hartlie thankis 1623 Aberd. Council Lett. I 219.
For the quhilk soume … I … randers most humble and hairtie thankis(b) 1513 Doug. x Prol. 143.
Quhat thankis dew or ganȝeld … May I … Rendir for this … bonte? Ib. xi x 50.
Quhat thankis ȝeld or rendir [Ruddim. rander] thé may Ib. 1562-3 Winȝet II 57/1.
Quhat wes committit to thé, … lat that be randerit agane be thé. Thow hes resauit gold, rander agane gold a1585 Maitl. Q. 210/57.
He randers calf for my gud solid graine For sueit meiknes nothing bot bitter paine

c. To render homage (reverence, etc.) as is due; to commit (one's powers) to the service of another. 1560 Rolland Seven S. 1026.
The childe … To his father randring gude reuerence Ib. 7477.
Randering him sic reuerence as accordis Ib. 200. 1560–1 St. A. Kirk S. 63.
To haif … rendered dew benevolence to me as husband … to … wyfe ?a1570-86 Maitland Maitl. F. 441/3.
Rander till thai maker gloir a1585 Maitl. Q. 110/81.
With dew obedience My strenth [etc.] … Heir I doe raunder to ȝour reuerence 1573-1600 J. Craig in Cath. Tr. 249/12.
Lawes … to whilkes al Christien men ar oblesed of thair conscience to rander obedience a1599 Rollock Wks. I 344.
They … upon quhom he hes bestowed his travels … may rander him the honor of ane minister 1605–6 Reg. Privy C. VII 68.
Sic fugitives … as … refuse to rander thair obedience

7. To rehearse or perform; to say over; to recount; to repeat; to express in words.See also rander ouir, at sense 13 a below. 1513 Doug. i vi 173.
Quhy grantis thou nocht we mycht ioyn hand in hand And fortill heir and rendir [L. reddere] vocis trew? Ib. xii Prol. 249.
The larkis … to Dame Natur, and the fresch Venus, Rendryng hie lawdis in thar obseruance Ib. xiii ix 39.
And of feill thingis hym demandis he Athir to other renderand mony a saw 1609 Garden Garden 26.
Pen onely that that reason weele may craue …, Rander the right, and let alone the leaue

8. To give forth, to emit, to discharge. Also to render out (furth). 1513 Doug. ix x 65.
Quhar as the quhissill rendris soundis seir Ib. xii ii 36.
This virgyn, in this wofull rage, Syk cullouris rendris from hir fresch vissage c1580-90 Rules of Health.
There is na thing mair pernitius … nor to haif ȝour belly constipate …, not randering furth dewlie the excrementis as neid requiris a1650 Row 432.
If the fishers strike it on the head it renders out all its blood

9. To bring forth or produce (a fruit). 1513 Doug. x Prol. 14.
Hervist to rendir hys frutis 1613 Conv. Burghs II 429.
Sic vther meitt as the seasoun of the yeir randeris 1614 Mar & Kellie MSS 73.
The commodaties that the sea randeris yeirlie. … Of fishe in peale … at £10 the hundrethe 1618 Lithgow Poet. Remains 20.
Sweete sowre delightes, must my contentment rander

10. To give an account or reason, by way of explanation or justification (esp. of one's faith). c1552 Lynd. Mon. 4997.
The … extreme iugement generall, Quhare thow man rander compt of all 1561 Q. Kennedy Compendious Ressonyng (ed.) 179 (G).
He that refuses to randir cowmpt … off his faytht to all man askand thairoff [etc.] a1578 Pitsc. II 58/24.
I ame wnprovydit to rander ane accompt of my doctrene c1590 Fowler II 67/3.
He randers the ressoun in his 119. epist. 1596 Dalr. II 449/10.
To rander and gyue counte of thair faith and religioune 1618 Crim. Trials III 586.
That ȝe wald rander and follow out the maist just reasones … moir lairglie 1618 Lithgow Poet. Remains 53.
Faine would I aske, the cause, why thou dost wander? But thy sadde showe, doth seeme, no count to rander

II. 11. quasi-tr. In the phr. to be, becum or get randerit, to surrender. 1531 Bell. Boece I 272.
He dantit the Bertonaris with sic importabil affliction, that thay wer randerit to his dominion Ib. (M) II 48.
The Pichtis refusit to be randrit Id. Livy I 87/2. Ib. II 283 (B.M.).
He gatt thame randrit to his empire be tresoun 1533 Boece 118.
The cietenaris … become randerit and to Romanis made the portis patent Ib. 299b.
Captivis randerit and ȝoldin Ib. 599.
Ane knicht … calling the king be his name tobe randerit 1547–8 Corr. M. Lorraine 213.
This fasson off wyr … to slay nobill men efter thay be randeritt 1549 Compl. 1/12.
Affligit pepil … reddy to be venquest & to be cum randrit in the subiection and captiuite of our mortal ald enemeis a1578 Pitsc. I 83/17.

III. intr. 12. To surrender. = 4 and 11 above.(a) 1547–8 Corr. M. Lorraine 213.
We will randyr to the Twrk rathyr nor to be onrewangit c1550 Rolland Ct. Venus i 293.
To thé, Venus, I rander euermoir c1590 Fowler II 82/8.
[He] forcing Genua to rander 1600-1610 Melvill 35.
Within a few dayes the captean is sean to rander and com down the leathers ower the wall 1603 Moysie 22.
Certane artickles gevin furthe … be the keiperis of the castle of Hamiltoun, promittand to rander 1614 Innes Sketches 539.
That the detenaris and refusaris to randir be denunced rebellis 1639 Baillie I 205.
Aberdeen randered(b) 1632 Lithgow Trav. ii 60.
The passengers gave counsell rather to render then fight ?c1675 J. Gordon Hist. III 162.
The earle despairing of releefe, in ende rendred upon qwarter

13. In other senses.

a. To rander ouir, to make repetition. Cf. 7 above. c1550 Rolland Ct. Venus i 48.
My prayers to con … With orisounis … I randerit ouir to God omnipotent

b. To make due or deserved return. 1558-66 Knox I 460.
Rander, O Lord, to the wicked according to thair malice a1585 Maitl. Q. 109/54.
As I deserue scho wald me rander richt 1616–17 Misc. Hist. Soc. X 115.
Rander to our nighbours sevenfold … according to the reproach wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord

IV. In causative use.

14. With reflex. obj.: To make, or to become, (a monk). c1420 Wynt. vi 1140.
This byschape … rendryde hym mownke 1630-1651 Gordon Geneal. Hist. 172.
William Gordoun … randered himselff a religious monk

15. To cause to arise in another; to produce (a feeling).Cf. 17th c. Eng. (once, 1654), in this or similar use. 1513 Doug. xiii iii 130.
Quhou feill terys and wofull dolouris smart Sall thou, Turnus, rendir to Dawnus hart!

16. With adj. compl.: To make or cause to become of a specified nature, quality, etc. 1513 Doug. v xiii 73.
Nawtes, quham the goddes Mynerve … rendryt had ful scharp and rype of wyt a1585 Maitl. Q. 108/1.
Sen fortoun hes now randerit me subiect c1590 Fowler II 82/36.
[Louis XII] randring the kirks … ouer pouerfull … maid a gros and a loutish fault Ib. 125/12.
The thing that … dois rander him [a prince] … mast hated is the reveshment … of other men's wyffes Ib. 143/27.
Interpryses which therefter did rander him glorious and renoned 1633 Johnston Diary I 167.
Gods providence … lifting me up and rendring me negligent by ane full approbation 1664 Rothesay B. Rec. 86.
The whole counsall … doeth … rendir the said comissar unkaipable of being ane counsellar 1674 Edinb. B. Rec. X 205.
It would … have rendered us layable to that suspitione if [etc.](2) 1665–7 Lauder Jrnl. 21.
Thir beds randers it [sc. the river] wery dangerous in the winters 1678 Justiciary Ct. Rec. II 314. 1681 Stair Inst. iii ii § 21 (1981) 603.
Apprising … renders the thing apprised litigious 1687 Shields Hind Let Loose (1797) 247.
The cause will some way be rendered more illustrious, that [etc.](3) 1672 Sinclair Hydrostaticks 187.
For rendring the metals … more easie to work 1682 Livingstone Patronus Redux 52 n.
Vapours, which rendreth the air … unwholesome