Abbreviations – SND
The following Abbreviations key was published in Volume X of SND but is known to be incomplete. Contact us at info@dsl.ac.uk if you need help with any abbreviation we use.
A Top
| a. (with date) | ante = before |
| A. = Author | (after an author’s own note) |
| abbr. | abbreviated, abbreviation |
| abr. | abridged |
| absol. | absolute(ly) |
| acc. | accusative |
| accord. | according |
| ad. | adaptation of |
| Add. | Addenda |
| adj. | adjective, adjectival(ly) |
| adv. | adverb, adverbial(ly) |
| affirm. | affirmative(ly) |
| Angus Gl. | Glossary of the Shetland Dialect, by J. S. Angus (1914) |
| Anon. | Anonymous |
| ante. | antecedent |
| aph. | aphetic |
| App. | Appendix |
| appar. | apparent(ly) |
| Arab. | Arabic |
| arch. | archaic |
| art. | article |
| assim. | assimilated, assimilation |
| assoc. | association |
| attrib. | attributive(ly) |
| aux. | auxiliary |
| A.V. | Authorised Version |
B Top
| B. and H. | A Dictionary of English Plant-Names, by James Britten, F.L.S., and
Robert Holland (1886) |
| B.C. | Bannatyne Club |
| Bense | A Dictionary of the Low-Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary,
by J. F. Bense, Lit. Ph.D. (1926–38) |
| Björkman | Scandinavian Loan- Words in Middle English, by Erik Björkman,
Ph.D. (1900–02) |
| Bk. | Book |
| B.R.S. | Burgh Record Society |
C Top
| c. (with date) | Circa = about |
| c. | century |
| cent. | century |
| centr. | central |
| cf. | confer = compare |
| chron. | chronological(ly) |
| Cleasby and Vigfusson | Icelandic–English Dictionary based on the MS. collections of the
late Richard Cleasby, enlarged and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson (1874) |
| C.M. | Cursor Mundi |
| cogn. | cognate |
| coll. | collective(ly) |
| colloq. | colloquial(ly) |
| Colville | Studies in Lowland Scots, by J. Colville (1909) |
| comb. | combination |
| comm. | common(ly) |
| comp. | compound |
| compar. | comparative |
| Concise Eng. Dict. | The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, adapted by H. W.
Fowler and F. G. Fowler from The Oxford Dictionary (1929) |
| condit. | conditional |
| conj. | conjunction, conjunctive |
| conn. | connected |
| cons. | consonant |
| constr. | constructed, construction |
| contr. | contracted, contraction |
| corr. | corresponding to |
| Cotgrave | A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues, compiled by
Randle Cotgrave (1611) |
| Curriehill | John Marshall, Lord Curriehill (1794–1868), judge of the Court of
Session, who wrote marginal notes in a copy of MacTaggart’s Gallov. Encycl. now in the library of the late Mr. E. A. Hornel, artist, Kirkcudbright. (Gall. a.1868 Curriehill) |
D Top
| d. | died |
| (D) | dialect, dialectal (after the county name at the start of a quotation, to indicate particularly strongly marked local dialect) |
| D.A.E. | A Dictionary of American English on Historical Principles, compiled
at the University of Chicago under the editorship of Sir William Craigie and James R. Hulbert (1936–) |
| Dan. | Danish |
| Danneil | Worterbuch der altmarkischen platt-deutschen Mundart. by Johann
Friedrich Danneil (1859) |
| dat. | dative |
| def. | definition |
| def. art. | definite article |
| dem. | demonstrative |
| deriv. | derived, derivative, derivation |
| dial. | dialect, dialectal |
| Dict. | Dictionary |
| Dieth | A Grammar of the Buchan Dialect (Aberdeenshire), Descriptive and
Historical. Vol. I. Phonology–Accidence, by Eugen Dieth, Ph.D. (1932) |
| Diez | An Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages; chiefly from
the German of Friedrich Diez, by T. C. Donkin, B.A. (1864) |
| Dijkstra | Friesch Woordenboek, by W. Dijkstra (1900) |
| dim. | diminutive |
| Dinneen | Dinneen’s Irish–English Dictionary |
| D.O.S.T. | A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, from the Twelfth Century
to the end of the Seventeenth, by Sir William A. Craigie, LL.D., D.Litt. and A. J. Aitken, M.A. (1931–) |
| D.S.C.S. | The Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland, by J. A. H. Murray
(1873) |
| Du. | Dutch |
| Dwelly | The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary, by E. Dwelly. F.S.A.
Scot., F.S.G. (4th ed. 1941) |
E Top
| E. | Early |
| (E) | Eclectic = an artificial form of Scots, sometimes called synthetic
Scots or Lallans |
| e.Ang. | east Anglian |
| ed. | edited, editor, edition |
| E.D.D. | The English Dialect Dictionary, by Joseph Wright, in six Volumes
(1898–1905) |
| Edm. Gl. | Glossary of the Dialect of Shetland and Orkney, by T. Edmonston
(1866) |
| E.E.P. | Early English Pronunciation, by A. J. Ellis (1869–1889) |
| E.E.T.S. | Early English Text Society |
| ellipt. | elliptical(ly) |
| E.M.E. | Early Modern English |
| Eng. | English |
| Eng.–Welsh Dict. | Spurrell’s English–Welsh Dictionary (1926) |
| erron. | erroneous(ly) |
| esp. | especial(ly) |
| etym. | etymology, etymological(ly) |
| euphem. | euphemism, euphemistic(ally) |
| evid. | evident(ly) |
| ex. | example(s) |
| exc. | except, exception |
| excl. | exclamation, exclamatorily |
| expl. | explained |
| expr. | expression |
F Top
| Fær. | Faeroese |
| Falk and Torp | Norwegisch–Danisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, by H. S.
Falk and Alf Torp (1910–1911) |
| fam. | familiar(ly) |
| Farmer and Henley | A Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English, by John S. Farmer and
W. E. Henley (1905) |
| fem. | feminine |
| fig. | figurative(ly) |
| fl. | floruit = flourished |
| Flem. | Flemish |
| Flom. | Scandinavian Influence on Southern Lowland Scotch, by G. T. Flom
(1900) |
| foll. | following, followed |
| Fr. | French |
| Francisque-Michel | A Critical Inquiry into the Scottish Language, by Francisque-Michel
(1882) |
| Franck | Franck’s Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal (1912) |
| freq. | frequent(ly), frequentative |
| Fris. | Frisian |
| fut. | future |
G Top
| Gael. | Gaelic |
| Gamillscheg | Etymologisches Worterbuch der Französischen Sprache, ed. Ernst
Gamillscheg (1928) |
| gen. | genitive; general(ly) |
| Gen.Sc. | General Scots = known generally wherever Lowland Scots is spoken |
| Ger. | German |
| Gl. | Glossary |
| Gmc. | Germanic |
| Godefroy | Lexique de L’Ancien Francais, by Frederic Godefroy (1901 ed.) |
| Goth. | Gothic |
| Gr. | Greek |
| Gregor D. Bnff. | Dialect of Banffshire, by W. Gregor (1866) |
H Top
| Hatz. and Darm. | Dictionnaire General de la Langue Francaise, by A. Hatzfeld and A.
Darmesteter (1926) |
| Hebr. | Hebrides |
| (Highland) | representation of a Highlander’s speech by the author |
| hist. | history, historical |
I Top
| Ib. | Ibidem = in the same place |
| Icel. | Icelandic |
| Id. | Idem = the same person (esp. when referred to as authority for a
word) |
| Idg. | Indogermanic |
| I.E. | Indo-European |
| imit. | imitative |
| imp. | impression |
| imper. | imperative |
| impers. | impersonal(ly) |
| impf. | imperfect |
| indef. | indefinitive |
| indic. | indicative |
| inf. | infinitive |
| infl. | inflexion |
| instrum. | instrumental |
| int. | interjection |
| interrog. | interrogative(ly) |
| intr. | intransitive(ly) |
| Intro. | Introduction |
| Ir. | Irish |
| irreg. | irregular(ly) |
| It. | Italian |
| ital. | italics |
J Top
| Jak. | An Etym. Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland, by Jakob
Jakobson (1908 Dan. ed., 1928 Eng. tr.) |
| Jam. | Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, in two volumes (1808), by
John Jamieson |
| Jam.1 | Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language (abr. ed.) (1818) |
| Jam.2 | Supplement to the Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, in two
Volumes (1825) |
| Jam.3 | Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, revised by J. Johnstone
(1840–1841), in two Volumes |
| Jam.4 | Dictionary of the Scottish Language, by John Jamieson, abr. by J.
Johnstone, revised by J. Longmuir (1867) |
| Jam.5 | Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, revised by J. Longmuir
and D. Donaldson (1879–1882) |
| Jam.6 | Supplement to Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, by D. Donaldson
(1887) |
| Joyce | English as we speak it in Ireland, by P. W. Joyce, LL.D., T.C.D.,
M.R.I.A. (2nd ed. 1910) |
K Top
| Kilian | Etymologicum Teutonicæ Linguæ, sive Dictionarium
Teutonico–Latinum, by C. Kilian (1772–1777) |
| Kluge | An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, by Friedrich
Kluge |
L Top
| L., Linn. | Linnæus |
| lang. | language |
| Larsen | Dansk–Norsk–Englsk Ordbog, ed. A. Larsen (1910) |
| Lat. | Latin |
| L.Ger. | Low German |
| lit. | literal(ly) |
| liter. | literary, in literary use only |
| Lith. | Lithuanian |
| L.Sc. | Lowland Scottish |
M Top
| m., mod. | modern |
| M.C. | Maitland Club |
| McAlpine | Gaelic Dictionary, by Neil McAlpine |
| MacBain | Etym. Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, by A. MacBain (1896) |
| MacLennan | A Pronouncing and Etym. Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, by
Malcolm MacLennan (1925) |
| Macleod and Dewar | A Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, by the Rev. Dr. Norman
Macleod and the Rev. Dr. Daniel Dewar (1893) |
| Marw. | The Orkney Norn, by H. Marwick (1929) |
| masc. | masculine |
| Med. (med.) | Mediaeval |
| Med. Lat. | Medieval Latin |
| met. | metathetic, metathesis |
| metaph. | metaphor, metaphorical(ly) |
| Metcalfe | Supplementary Dictionary of the Scottish Language, with
Introduction by W. M. Metcalfe (1910) |
| M.H.Ger. | Middle High German |
| Mid. Eng. | Middle English |
| midl. | midland (i.e. Eng. dialect of the Midlands) |
| Mid.Sc. | Middle Scots |
| Misc. | Miscellany |
| M.L.Ger. | Middle Low German |
| M.M.Sc. | Manual of Modern Scots, by W. Grant and J. M. Dixon (1921) |
| Mont.-Fleming | Notes on Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, by J. B. Montgomerie-
Fleming (1899) |
N Top
| n. | noun |
| naut. | nautical |
| n.d. | no date |
| N.E.D. | A New English Dictionary, ed. J. A. H. Murray, H. Bradley, W. A.
Craigie, C. T. Onions (Oxford, 1884–1929) |
| neg. | negative(ly) |
| neut. | neuter |
| nom. | nominative |
| Norw. | Norwegian |
| num. | numeral |
O Top
| obj. | object(ive) |
| obs. | obsolete |
| obsol. | obsolescent |
| occas. | occasional(ly) |
| O.E. | English, before the Conquest; includes the four dialects, West Saxon,
Kentish, Mercian and Northumbrian |
| O.Fr. | Old French |
| O.Fris. | Old Frisian |
| O.H.Ger. | Old High German |
| O.I. or O.Ir. | Old Irish |
| O.N. | Old Norse |
| O.N.Fr. | Old Norman French |
| onomat. | onomatopœic |
| O.North. | Old Northumbrian |
| orig. | origin(al)(ly) |
| O.Sax. | Old Saxon |
| O.Sc. | Older Scots |
| O.Slav. | Old Slavonic |
P Top
| p. (with date) | post = after |
| p., pp. | page, pages |
| pa.p. | past participle |
| pass. | passive(ly) |
| pa.t. | past tense |
| perf. | perfect |
| pers. | personal |
| phon. | phonetic(s) |
| phr(s). | phrase(s) |
| phs. | perhaps |
| pl. | plural |
| P.L.D. | Phonetic Description of the Language and Dialects in Vol. I., Intro. |
| pleon. | pleonasm, pleonastic(ally) |
| poet. | poetical |
| pop. | popular(ly) |
| Port. | Portuguese |
| poss. | possible(ly) |
| ppl. | participle |
| ppl.adj. | participial adjective |
| ppl.phr. | participial phrase |
| pred. | predicate, predicatively |
| pref. | prefix |
| prep. | preposition |
| pres. | present |
| pret. | preterite |
| Prim. | Primitive |
| Prim.O.E. | Primitive Old English |
| prob. | probable(ly) |
| pron. | pronoun |
| prop. | proper(ly) |
| Prov. | Provencal |
| Pr.p. | Promptorium Parvulorum |
| pr.p. | present participle |
| pr.t. | present tense |
| publ. | published |
Q Top
| q.v. | quod vide = which see |
R Top
| reduplic. | reduplicative |
| ref. | reference |
| refl. | reflexive(ly) |
| reg. | regular(ly) |
| rel. | relative |
| repr. | representative, representing, etc. |
| Roget | An Introduction to Old French, by F. F. Roget, 1887 |
| Rom. | Romance—i.e. Latin and languages derived from it |
S Top
| Sc. | Scots (when no indication of a particular dialect is given); Scottish,
Scotch |
| sc. | scilicet = that is to say |
| S.C. | Spalding Club, New Spalding Club, Third Spalding Club |
| Scand. | Scandinavian |
| Scot. | Scotland |
| S.D.D. | Chambers’s Scots Dialect Dictionary, by A. Warrack (1911) |
| sep. | separate |
| S.H.S. | Scottish Historical Society |
| sing. | singular |
| Skeat | Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, by Walter
W. Skeat (1911) |
| Skr. | Sanskrit |
| S.N.D. | Scottish National Dictionary |
| Sp. | Spanish |
| specif. | specific(ally) |
| Stat. Acc.1 | Statistical Account of Scotland (1791–1799) |
| Stat. Acc.2 | New Statistical Account of Scotland (1845) |
| Stat. Acc.3 | Third Statistical Account of Scotland (of varying dates from 1951) |
| St.Eng. | Standard English |
| Sth.Eng. | Southern English—i.e. Standard English as spoken in the middle
and south of England |
| Stratmann | A Middle-English Dictionary containing words used by English
writers from the twelfth to the fifteenth century, by Francis Henry Stratmann (ed. H. Bradley 1891) |
| S.T.S. | Scottish Text Society |
| st.v. | strong verb |
| subj. | subject; subjunctive |
| subst. | substantive(ly) |
| suff. | suffix |
| superl. | superlative |
| Suppl. | Supplement |
| s.v. | sub voce = under the word |
| Sw. | Swedish |
| Sweet, A.S. | The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, by Henry Sweet (1897) |
| Sweet, H.E.S. | A History of English Sounds, by Henry Sweet (1888) |
| syll. | syllable |
| syn. | synonym(ous) |
T Top
| tech. | technical(ly) |
| Torp | Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, by Alf Torp (1919) |
| tr. | transitive(ly) |
| Trans. | Transactions |
| transf. | transferred sense |
| transl. | translation |
| Traynor Gl. | M. Traynor English Dialect of Donegal (1953) |
| trs. | transfer |
| T.S.D.C. | Transactions of the Scottish Dialects Committee |
U Top
| Un. Eng. Dict. | The Universal English Dictionary, edited by H. C, Wyld (1932) |
| U.S. | United States |
| usu. | usual(ly) |
V Top
| v., vb. | verb |
| v. | vide = see |
| var. | variant of |
| vbl.n. | verbal noun |
| vern. | vernacular |
| v.i. | vide infra = see below |
| viz. | videlicet = namely |
| Voc. | vocabulary |
| v.s. | vide supra = see above |
W Top
| Watson W.-B. | Roxburghshire Word-Book, by G. Watson (1923) |
| Webster | Webster’s New International Dictionary (end ed., 1935) |
| Weekley | Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, by Ernest Weekley
(1921) |
| Westergaard | Studies in Prefixes and Suffixes in Middle Scottish, by Elizabeth
Westergaard (1924) |
| Wettstein | The Phonology of a Berwickshire Dialect, by Paul Wettstein (1942) |
| Wilson, D. Burns | The Dialect of Robert Burns as spoken in Central Ayrshire by Sir
James Wilson (1923) |
| Wilson Cent. Scot. | The Dialects of Central Scotland, by Sir James Wilson (1926) for
Fif., Lth. |
| Wilson, L. Strathearn | Lowland Scotch as spoken in the Lower Strathearn District of
Perthshire, by Sir James Wilson (1915) for Per. |
| Wilson | referring to any of the above works (differentiated by the county
abbreviation) |
| wk.v. | weak verb |
| W.-L. | Word-List |
| W.S. | West Saxon |
X Top
Y Top
Z Top
| Zai | The Phonology of the Morebattle Dialect (East Roxburghshire), by
Rudolf Zai, Ph.D., 1942 |
| Zoëga | A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, by Geir T. Zoëga (1910) |
