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First published 2001 (DOST Vol. X).
This entry has not been updated since then but may contain minor corrections and revisions.

Theolog(e, Theologue, n. Also: theollog. Pl. also theologgis. [L. theologus. Cf. 17th c. Eng. theologue (1605), theolog (1682).] One who is expert in theology; a theologian. Also, specif., a university teacher of theology.(a) c1420 Wynt. viii 742.
Thus made the theologys [C. theologis, W. theolog] for his part; Nerare till Alysandyre the Kyng wes he [sc. Robert the Bruce], Than Jhon the Ballioll be a gre c1420 Wynt. ix 1432.
The Byschape off Galloway thare Thomas, (A theolog [C. theologe] solempne he was) Made a sermownd rycht plesand c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 179/38.
Art magicianis and astrologgis, Rethoris, logicianis and theologgis 1533 Boece 191b.
Cipriane quhilk of ane heithin oratoure grewe to ane profund theolog 1531 Bell. Boece II 54.
Tuiching the prophecyis of Merlin … we will leif thaim to be discussit be theologis quhidder thay suld be abrogat or have faith 1533 Boece 396.
Hew of Sanct Victoure theolog of Paris 1540 Acts II 370/2.
That nane hald nor latt be haldin … congregationis or conuenticulis to commone or despute of the haly scriptoure without thai be theologis apprevit be famous uniuersiteis 1560 Bk. Disc. 217.
His [sc. the Rector's] assessoris shalbe ane laweir and ane theolog, with whois advise he shall decide all questionis civill, betwix the memberis of the universitie 1562-3 Winȝet I 62/20.
As a theologe I profes me to be nane, nor ȝit of the nummir of the hie leirnit a1568 Bann. MS I p. 19/43.
Theollog 1569 Reg. Privy S. VI 129/1.
Confirmand the gift … to Maister Robert Hammiltoun, than thrid maister of the said college [sc. St. Mary's, St. Andrews], off the secund place and maister thairof, usit to be possessit be ane theologe (the like quhairof he is) 1590-1 R. Bruce Serm. 6.
The Latine theologs, quha were maist auncient, did interprete the Greeke worde μυστηριον be the word Sacrament 1596 Dalr. I 110/18.
That diuine poete … and exeme theolog, Sedulius 1600-1610 Melvill 124.
Mr. Andro, be his delling in publict and privat with … tham, prevalit sa that … they becam bathe philosophers and theologes(b) 1562 Inv. Q. Mary cxi n.
Melanthon, who was a godly theologue 1586 Cal. Sc. P. VIII 502.
That for our better consonance and unioun in religioun thair be a conference of certane of the best theologues of baith the realmes 1597 James VI Dæmonol. (STS) xxi.
Innumerable other neoterick theologues that writes largelie vpon that subject [sc. witchcraft] 1600 Crim. Trials II 219.
First hearing, by report, that he was a nigromancer, and thereafter being informed that he was a very learned man and a deep theologue 1746 J. Row Sermon 6.
There was a hopeful theologue, wha is now na small man in the land 1687 Shields Hind Let Loose 347.
As cosmographers … in their search of the spring of Nilus, or theologues of the father of Melchizedeck

b. A university student of theology. 1623 Blair Autob. 42.
Mr. Cameron and the French student or theologue who was his disciple had maintained openly, … a point of Arminianism … there cometh to my chamber a student of theology who … told me he was sent by the rest of the theologues [etc.] a1676 Guthry Mem. 63.
How the universities might be provided of professors … for seeing the people of Scotland are much acted by their ministers doctrine, it was to good purpose for them to plant such men therein as would principle young theologues their way 1690 Misc. Hist. Soc. X 132.
To … try the professors of divinities … what books they do recomend to ther theologues and if they be remiss and cairless in causing there theologues have ther homilies and exeseses and frequently disput on poynts of divinity as is requyred 1690 Sc. Hist. Rev. XIII 13.
[On occasions he had seen the students] shoulder [the … magistrates … ] and particullarly Mr. George Wisheart, now theologe, drew ane pistoll and snapped the same att the toun guaird 1702 Glasg. Univ. Mun. III 598.
It was my indeavour … to have had a seat for the students of theologie … as well as for those of philosophie but … I could not gett such a seat for the theologues as I did think proper

c. In pre-Christian contexts: One who is held to be a religious or moral authority and scholar. 1513 Doug. vi Prol. 75.
[Virgil] is ane hie theolog sentencyus And maste profound philosophour 1490 Irland Mir. III 106/12.
For Dauid Salamon and vthir noble kingis and princis war richt gret clerkis and theologis baith in the auld law and new, and in the haly scriptur and sciens of theologie ar foundit all the rutis and fontanis of iustice … thus nane may be … perfit legist or iurist without that he knaw the … sciens of theologie