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First published 1990 (DOST Vol. VII).
This entry has not been updated since then but may contain minor corrections and revisions.

Romane, -ain, n. Also: -ayn; -an, -en. [ME and e.m.E. romein (1297), romayn (Manning), OF romain (1080 in Larousse), conformed to L. romānus, f. Rōma Rome.]

1. A native or inhabitant of ancient or imperial Rome; a Roman citizen or soldier.In pl. freq. coll. = the Roman people.sing. (a) ?1438 Alex. i 185.
This knycht before slew ane Romane [: (cousing) germane] 1513 Doug. vi xv 13.
But thou, Romane, ramember … To rewle the pepil 1549 Compl. 148/27.
Quhen ony Romane hed dune ane vailȝeant act(b) c1420 Wynt. iv 1242 (C).
The Romayn slew the Frankis man 1456 Hay I 46/12.
A knycht askit justyng of a Romayn 1581 Sempill Sat. P. xliii 38.
The first borne Romain, callit Romulus(c) c1420 Wynt. iv 2157 (C).
Silla than a Roman wespl. c1420 Wynt. iv 150 (C).
He knyt hym to the Tusaknys, And warrayide with thaim the Romanys 1456 Hay I 46/20, etc.
Romayns c1515 Asl. MS I 189/19.
Efter that the Romanis dantit the Bretonnis Ib. 193/9.
That is to say Romanis Brettonnis Saxonis Danys Pictis and Normannis 1531 Bell. Boece (M) I 139.
The jurisdiction of blude salbe alanerly with Romanis 1533 Boece 235.
Fra all partis Romanis drewe to resist the irruptioun of Scottis c1552 Lynd. Mon. 580.
Quhen that thir bauld Romance, Ouer all the warld had the dominioun [etc.]

b. An inhabitant of ancient Rome who had professed Christianity. 1533 Gau 8/19.
As … Sanct Paul vritis … in the vii chaiptur to the Romans

c. An inhabitant of Rome in the time of the Holy Roman Empire. Empriour (or King) of Roman(i)s, the head of the Holy Roman Empire. 1494 Loutfut MS 8b.
The richt hie and heast of al princis Empriour and King of Romans God be kepar of ȝow Ib. 43a.
And giff ȝe demand quhy he is nocht callit Empriour of Allemaigne the Romanis wald tak our gret displesans and he callit him nocht Empriour of Romanis

2. a. Catholic Roman, a Roman Catholic. b. = a.a. c1625 Fam. Innes 211.
James Grant [etc.] … ar turnt Catholik Romansb. 1583 Sempill Warning vi.
Mak nevir ane Romen rewillar in this region