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First published 2000 (DOST Vol. VIII).
This entry has not been updated since then but may contain minor corrections and revisions.

Sexten(e, Saxten(e, Sixtein, num. and n. Also: sextein(e, -teyn, -tin(e, -tan, sestane, saxtein(e, -teyn, -tine, -tane, sixtine, -tiene. [ME and e.m.E. sextene (Orm), sixtene (Layamon), sextiene (Gower), sexten (Cath. Angl.), OE sex-, six-, syxtyne.]

A. num. 1. The cardinal number sixteen. a. With noun.(a) a1400 Leg. S. v 540.
Fullely fourscore and sextene ȝere 1397 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 34.
The sexteyn ponde of anwell acht ovte of the landys of Abirnethy 1458 Peebles B. Rec. I 127.
Thai vphaldand sextein markis as the stok til the barnis 1549 Compl. 93/11.
He gart hang … sexten scoir of the maist nobillis of the cuntre 1554 Grant Chart. 113.
All the ettis, beyr, and sexteyne oxin a1578 Pitsc. I 56/4.
James Stewart of Auchmento who was bot sextene men in tryne c1590 Fowler I 72/133.
Sextene yeares a1597-1617 Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 25.
Sexteine 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. (Latin) ii 55b marg.
Turonesia, … sextene pound trois wecht 1634 Brechin Test. V 147b.
Sexten bollis 1687 Corshill Baron Ct. 176.
For the sowme of sextine pond 1704 Edinb. Univ. Chart. 156.
The sallarie settled upon the principall … is sextine hunderth merkes scotts yearly(b) 1570 (16 … ) Dundee B. Laws 111.
Ane staine wecht of brass of sestane troyss pound(c) c1420 Wynt. i 283 (W).
Saxtene [R. sexten] hundreth saxty and sevin c1475 Wall. ix 63.
Saxten salis 1528 Lynd. Dreme 657.
Saxtene 1572-5 Diurn. Occurr. 54.
Fyve scoir saxtene men a1582 Sir Colling 244.
And all in saxtein ȝeir 1582 Conv. Burghs I 140.
Herring and keilling saxtene pennies [ilk tun] 1589 Reg. Morton I 159.
To conuocat oure liegis … betuix saxtie and saxtene ȝeiris 1596 Dalr. I 82/9.
A thousand a hundir and saxtine ȝeiris before the Romanis thair cuntrey invadet 1597 Edinb. Test. XXX 218b.
Saxteine pair of braig knyffes 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. i 73b.
Saxtene kye(d) a1582 Sir Colling 243.
Sixtein bairnis the lady buir 1677 J. M. Beale Fife Schools 213.
For six yeirs space sixtien pounds per annum 1681 Kirkcudbr. B. Rec. MS 23 Feb.
The said John … hes run in aryre of ane hundereth and sixtine merks of boat rent

b. ellipt. or absol.(a) a1400 Leg. S. xxxvi 31.
Of this nowmir sexten were of the kyne of Eleaȝare c1420 Wynt. vii 3615.
For sextene [sc. pence] a boll of qwhete 1456 Acts II 45/2.
All maner of men betuix sexti and sextene 1504 Breadalbane Doc. No. 32.
All and sindry oure … subditis being betuix sexty and sextene a1578 Pitsc. I 400/4.
All maner of man betuix sextie and sexten baitht sperietuall and temporall 1650 Kelso Glovers 11.
They shall pay for the first fault aught shillings the nixt sextin [etc.](b) 1540 Lynd. Sat. 3849 (Ch.).
Saxteine sall thair remaine 1540 Lynd. Sat. 3850 (Ch.).
Saxtein

c. comb. 1583–4 Reg. Privy C. III 641.
The sextene dayis fischeing upon the watter of Findorne

2. As the ordinal number: Sixteenth. = Sextend(e adj.(a) 1425 (1500) Liber Dryburgh 277.
The sextine day of November 1454 7th Rep. Hist. MSS App. 720/2.
The sextene day of … Januare 1517 Fife Sheriff Ct. 79.
Of the cane foulis the thre sextene partis drauis iiij s. iiij d. 1531 Bell. Boece II 451.
Heir beginnis the sextene buke of the Croniklis of Scotland 1581 Hamilton Cath. Tr. 125.
The quhilk is confirmit be the sextene of S. Matheu 1622-6 Bisset II 110/32.
The sextene Scottis king quha wes buryed thair 1631 Cullen B. Ct. MS Whitsunday.
For tua sextan pairtis of the preistfeild being aucht bollis(b) 1516–17 Dunferm. B. Rec. I 156.
Ane saxteyn part of the forsaid land 1550 Reg. Episc. Aberd. I 451.
The saxten pairt of ane mart 1558-66 Knox II 72.
Upone the saxtene day of June 1576 Montgomery Mem. 214.
The threttein, saxtein and twentie dayes of Maii, the ȝer of God I^m V^c lx saxtine ȝeiris 1585 Forres B. Ct. 23 Dec.
Taxman to half ane saxtine part commone land 1621 Edinb. B. Rec. VI 222.
Upoun the saxtein of this instant 1633 Writers Signet 264.
[They pay the £40,000 for their part of the present taxation] of tua for the ten, the saxtene penny and the ordinar taxatiouns 1659 Retours I Inq. Spec. Forfar (376).
Comprehending ane sixt, aught, nynte, and saxtein pairtis of the lands of Craigo 1661 Rothesay B. Rec. 58.
Saxtane(c) 1653 Retours I Inq. Spec. Fife (814).
Ane sixtein pairt and half sixtein pairt of the links of Balcristie 1680 Berw. Nat. C. II 179.
Twesday the sixtein of the said moneth

B. noun. The size (of a book, or its pages) corresponding to one sixteenth of a sheet; sixteenmo, sexto-decimo. 1606 Dickson & Edmond Ann. Sc. Printing 354.
Item, xxij New Testamentis, in saxtene, Romane letter, at xij s. the pece