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A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)

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First published 1983 (DOST Vol. V).
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Plain, Plan(e, a.¹ Also: plaine, playn(e, playnne, pleine, plean(e, plen, planne. [ME. and e.m.E. plain (Cursor M.), playn, pleyn, playen, F. plain, L. plānus.]With certain senses, esp. 3 d, 4 and 10, and some examples quoted under other senses, it is unclear whether they should be assigned to this word or to Plain a.²

1. Of ground, or a stretch of ground: Free from hills, hollows or expanses of water, comparatively level, flat; also, unwooded, open.(a) 1375 Barb. xi. 337.
He of the playne land [1571 landis] had alsua Of armyt men ane mekill rout Ib. 630.
How the erll abaundonly Tuk the playn feld a1400 Leg. S. xl. 209.
Quhen he mad [had] playne Godis feilde thus with payne To preche thane he can hyme spede c1420 Wynt. viii. 5386.
The Inglis … Come on, that syk as [thai] noucht had sene Thai wend that all playne feld had bene 1456 Hay II. 140/8.
The wynis that growis in playne landis or moystis a1500 Sir Eger 901.
Then come ye in the plainest land 1597–8 Misc. Spald. C. I. 121.
That at the day of judgement the fyre will burne the … earth and mak all plain c1615 Chron. Kings 113.
The hill being stay to the northe and eist, the rest being playnnar 1641–54 J. Gordon in Macfarlane's Geog. Coll. II. 525.
This is the playnest and best part of the countrey 1666-74 Fraser Polichron. 288.
A neat sconce … upon the edge of the plain carse 1655 Lamont Diary 84.
The plaine sands(b) c1400 Troy-bk. ii. 1961.
The Grekes to dissaif … That thar suld seme plane land war by Quhar thai mycht hald thar cours saifly a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 312.
Vpone ane plane lee c1500-c1512 Dunb. lxi. 38.
I heff run lang … On pastouris that ar plane and peld 1513 Doug. xi. vi. 43.
In the feildis plane Besyde the skyrtis of the mont Gargane 1522 Acta Conc. MS. XXXIII. 41.
The saidis landis … lyis on plane dry bordour togidder 1532 M. Works Acc. (ed.) I. 102.
To vii werkmen … makin of the feld plane 1547–8 Reg. Privy S. III. 426/2.
Destroying of his woddis [and] plane pasturing 1562-3 Winȝet I. 84/6.
Quhy baptize ȝe … nocht in the plane feildis 1577–95 Skene Celtic Scot. III. 435.
It is plane land without ony woodis or hillis 1596 Dalr. I. 30/24.
A plane field Ib. 44/10.
Moray land … is eivin and plane without dubis and myres 1632 Lithgow Trav. i. 14.
Playne and pastoragious fields

b. (In Doug.) of the sea: Smooth, flat, unbroken. 1513 Doug. v. xiii. 128.
The fludis strekis plane our al the see Ib. x. ii. 114.
The say calmyt hys fludis playn abone

c. Of any surface: Even, flat, smooth. 1490 Irland Mir. II. 143/30.
A tre the ta half plane and haill and the tothir half knotty a1500 K. Hart 5.
King Hart … So proudlie wes he polist plane and pure With ȝouthheid [etc.] 1501 Doug. Pal. Hon. 1917.
Traistis formis and benkis war poleist plaine 1582 Misc. Stair Soc. I. 115.
For the paintrie … in the auld instrument indentis witht schairpe nukis and in the new instrument the samen is flat and plane 1587 Acts III. 522/1.
[The bottom of the firlot] to be maid inwith plane and iust … the mouth … haveing a croce irne bar … thrie squarit ane edge doun and a plane syde vp 1618 Ib. IV. 586/2.

d. In (the) plane felde, into plane camp.In contrast to OF. usage, shown in Godef. Compl. and Littré, in these phrases the word does not appear to carry the sense ‘fully extended, entire’ (Plain a.²) but only ‘uninterrupted, open’. Cf. Plain n.¹ 1 and sense 3 d below. 1513 Doug. ix. ii. 45.
He … in [Ruddim. in the] plane feild [L. campo] with browdyn baneris gay Bargane to byde drew hym till array Ib. 51.
In plane feild [L. aequo … campo] Ib. 80.
[L. in aequum] 1533 Bell. Livy I. 237.
It was fochtin in plane feild [L. aequo campo] — c1550 Rolland Ct. Venus ii. 235.
Into plane camp with dintis dangerous He brocht mony vnto thair fatall hour

2. Of a road, passage or place: Unobstructed, open, easy to traverse.a. Of a road or pathway; also fig. b. Of a public place; also ? public. c. Of a space, passage, entry. d. Of a window.a. a1500 Rauf C. 416.
He huit and he houerit quhill midmorne and mair Bahaldand the hie hillis and passage sa plane 1513 Doug. vii. Prol. 53.
The plane stretis and euery hie way Full of … myre and clay Ib. ix. xi. 58.
In the plane gait 1539 Selkirk B. Ct. (ed.) 205.
All the communite to pas and destroy the corne and mak ane plane passaige of it 1579, 1617 Despauter (1579).
Callis via trita, a plane gait 1596 Dalr. I. 91/4.
Quhither the way war lang & plane or gif it war cumirsum 1597 Edinb. Candlemakers' Seal of Cause Ratif.
That nane … send ony … servandis … vpone the hie gate with ony candill to … sell in the plane streittis 1634 Wedderburn Gramm. 13.
Callis, a playne gatefig. a1570-86 Arbuthnot Maitl. F. xxix. 45.
The plane hie path is maist plesand to me Id. Maitl. Q. xxxv. 56.
Sho hes no guyle nor subtill vyile Hir pathis ar ay plaineb. 1549 Compl. 149/11.
The comont pepil met them … and syne conuoyit them to the plane mercat befor the capitol 1564 Reg. Privy C. I. 280.
To by or sell any … tymmer … in oppin and plane marcattisc. 1580 Edinb. B. Rec. IV. 164.
[That the baillies inspect] the saidis … passages and quhair thai fynd the sam dyket vp and ceillit to cast down the saidis dykes and make ane plane way thairofd. a1500 Sir Eger 475.
Sir Grahame … both the windows opened plain And saw the lady pas again

e. transf. to the action or possibility of traversing: Unobstructed, unhindered. c1500-c1512 Dunb. lxvi. 55.
Sum with ane thraif playis passage plane 1513 Doug. xii. vi. 142.
The rowtis red hym plane rovm on the bent And all the ostis fast abak dyd fle 1533 Boece ii. viii. 73 b.
Oure nacioun … producit the seik … to the strete or ellis quhare plane passage was sua that the visiaris suld gif consale c1552 Lynd. Mon. 4819.
Frome ws thay stop the plane entres 1585 Bk. Dunvegan I. 78.
To hef full fre and plane ingres and regres c1590 J. Stewart 11/4.
Thow lustie lady, Queine of Cypris yle, Hich heyis my saeils and mak my passage plaine

3. Clearly displayed to sight or hearing, visible or audible; open, public. Also transf. 1375 Barb. xix. 45.
The lord Sowlis syne eftir maid Playn granting of that purchas a1400 Leg. S. l. 114.
Sone & mone & planettis plane … Thou suld merwale c1420 Wynt. viii. 5774 (W).
He maid of weire Ane other raid with plane banere a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 166.
And his presence plane c1475 Wall. ii. 161.
The playne compleynt the pittows wementyng The wofull wepyng that was for his takyng Ib. ix. 1716.
At the croice a playn crya thai maid a1500 Sir Eger 2319.
When the light of day was plain 1513 Doug. i. i. 21.
Cartage … standand fair and plane 1567 Anderson Collect. Mary I. 92.
[They] displayit plane banneris aganis oure person c1530-40 Stewart Bann. MS. 216 a/13.
[To] mak plane proclamatioun To [etc.]

b. Qualifying an agent-noun: (Acting as specified) openly or publicly. 1600 Crim. Trials II. 145.
Mr Alexander Dowglas wes playne dilatour of Johne Roise to the king

c. To tak plane part, also to be plain partie, to give open or public support. Also plane parttaking, parttakar.Const. in (an action), and chiefly with (a person) or with possess.See also Part n. 14, and for further examples see Afald a., Aufald a., Efa(u)ld a., etc.(1) 1445 Charter (Reg. H.) No. 311.
Oblisit … to assist & to tak playn parte in furthering & defence of our souerane lorde the king in al his actions(2) 1482 Reg. Morton II. 246.
I sall tak vprycht & plane part wyth hyme in all … his accionis 1498 Acta Conc. II. 267.
Because he has takin plane part with Hector Bruse … aganis thame 1528 Armstrong Hist. Liddesdale I. xxviii.
We sall … take his plane part and his aieris aganis all utheris levand 1535 Stewart 48322.
How culd thow find that time in thi hart Aganis thi awin to take so plane ane part With King Edward 1545 Wemyss Chart. 171.
To tak our plane and afald part 1572 Montgomery Mem. 210.
We … sall tak his and thairis anefald, trew and plane part 1569-73 Bann. Memor. 249.
We … sall … take plaine part with vtheris 1597 Grant Chart. 193.(3) 1542–3 Reg. Privy S. III. 18/1.
Convict for plane parttakking with the auld inymeis of Ingland 1562–3 Ib. V. i. 328/1.
Eschete … for assisting and plane pairt taking with umquhile George Erle of Huntlie 1571 Reg. Privy C. II. 85.
To be haldin as assisters and plane partakers with the saidis rebellis(4) a1633 Hope Major Pract. II. 120.
It wes notur … to the judges … that Monimusk wes plaine partie with Aslowne and the only assister of Aslowne in all this action of reduction

d. Plain battale, ficht(ing, mellé, open battle (as opposed to single combat or skirmishes).Cf. Plain a.², with which there is some ambiguity in these contexts. 1375 Barb. xix. 518.
That Inglis men durst nocht assale The Scottys men with playne battale Ib. ii. 254, xix. 634.
In piayn battale c1460 Alex. (Taym.) 1428; etc.
The king … wald bere no croun imperiall Quhill he haid win it first in plane battall a1500 Bk. Chess 886.
With fyve thowsand he wan in battale plane A hunder thowsand cummand him agane 1531 Bell. Boece I. 135.
It was defendit … to feild the Romanis with plane battall 1544 Reg. Privy S. III. 119/1.
He … cuming … in plane battell with displait banner c1500-50 Brevis Cronica 323.
With force and plane battaill 1568 Reg. Privy S. VI. 59.
Cuming … with Archibald Erle of Ergile … and … utheris … conspiratouris in plane battell with displayit baner at the feild of Langsyid a1578 Pitsc. I. 24/8.
In plaine battell — 1375 Barb. ix. 745.
In-to playn fichting Ȝhe suld pres till derenȝe ȝour richt Ib. xii. 127.
Throu playn & hard fechting Ib. xiv. 87.
In playne ficht thai discomfit thar Thar fais that ay fowr for ane war — Ib. xviii. 79.
Our maner is … Till follow and ficht And nocht till stand in plane melle Quhill the ta part discumfit be

4. Of a court or market: Held in the public view and hearing, open, public.The earliest instances may return to OF. plein ‘complete as to number, plenary’ (Tobl.–Lom.), L. plenus (Plain a.²), as also in the earlier L. phrases coram or in plena curia, pleno parliamento: see Dickinson Fife Sheriff Ct. 402 ff.Const. chiefly without article.(1) 1375 Barb. xix. 49.
The lord Sowlis has grantit thar The deid in-to plane parliament 1385 3rd Rep. Hist. MSS. 410/2.
And that he made manyfest in playne curt 1399 Acts I. 212/1.
Throch the letteris … schawit … in to playn consail c1420 Wynt. vi. 1377 (W).
In plane chapitere 1456 Hay I. 163/15.
All thing that he did he did openly in playne audience a1500 Seven S. 2624.
In parliament plane 1503 Acts II. 253/2.
[To be] crijt at the merkate croce of the burgh opinly in plane merkate 1526 Selkirk B. Ct. (ed.) 80.
[That] he boucht the said hors in playne merkat a1561 Norvell Meroure 59 a.
In plaine senat a1578 Pitsc. II. 15/14. 1584 Inverness Rec. I. 297.
Publictlie opinlie playnelie in playne mercatt 1661-88 Lauder Notices Affairs I. 310.
My Lord Bargeny presented a petition in plain parliament(2) 14.. Acts I. 7/2.
The quhilk seriandis aw to suer in the plane [L. pleno] schirefdome that [etc.] Ib. 335/2.
Thai fische apone the haliday and brekis … thar awn ordinance in thar plane fischar court 1446 Reg. Brechin. I. 108.
Red in the playn cort 1497 Dunferm. B. Rec. I. 76.
In vesag of the plane court 1498 Acta Conc. II. 196.
In the playne court haldin be the sade bailye 1499 Exch. R. XI. 395. a1500 Prestis of Peblis 65.
This king gart set ane plane parliament 1560 Rolland Seven S. 1326.
In ane plane judgement 1568 Anderson Collect. Mary IV. ii. 68.
In a lauchfull fre and plane parliament c1575 Balfour Pract. i.

5. Apparent, evident, manifest, unmistakeable.predic. a1500 Henr. III. 148/60.
The cherite of his godhede Was plane a1500 Bk. Chess 247.
The wand of rigour and of justice plane c1490 Porteous Noblenes 198/6.
This ȝour awne corniklis beris plane in the self that ȝe may nocht ganesay a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 338 (Asl.).
As it apperis plane To get devocioun dasit is oure deligens c1550 Rolland Ct. Venus iii. 419.
In the nixt buik … it standis plane a1561 Q. Kennedy Breif Tract. (ed.) 115/5.
That the scripturis ar plain and manifest quhilkis the kirk dois allege to preif 1562-3 Winȝet II. 20/19.
That thir thingis … may be maid mair plane a1585 Polwart Flyt. 697 (T).
To prive my speikin probabill & plane Thow man confes thow vsit my inventiounattrib. 1533 Bell. Livy I. 228/18.
This law … made plane derogatioun to the faderis to creat ony tribunis … be votis of thare assessouris 1562 Kennedy Ressonyng 20 b.
It giues plain persuasion … his ground in this heid to be nochtis 1565 Reg. Privy S. V. i. 646/1.
Ane respit … for the slauchter … committit upoun suddantie in his plane defence 1600-1610 Melvill 190.
In ceas … a waster of his benefice hes sett lang takks and fewes with plean diminution

6. Of a statement or declaration: That is clear to the understanding, easily comprehended, simple, ‘transparent’. a1500 K. Hart 650.
Ressoun: ‘Gif I sall say the sentence sall be plane’ 1535 Stewart 39792.
That sentence … Quhilk in the self so equall is and plane a1538 Abell 9*a.
Prechyn playn is mast prophetabil 1551 Hamilton Cat. 46.
Quha sa hais the ingyne … to conferre the obscuire place to the plain place may cum to the trew understanding of the obscuire place Ib. 120.
To declare to yow the rycht use of the law be plaine and familiar exempillis 1562-3 Winȝet I. 4/7.
To schaw mair plane demonstratioun of strenthiar reasonis

b. At plane, ? clearly, lucidly.But cf. OF. a plein, a plain (Plain a.²), fully, completely. 1495 Acta Conc. I. 417/1.
For vther seruice … contenit in my said charter … lik as the sammyn in the self at plane proportis

7. Of terminology or language: Not elaborate, unpretentious, homely. c1420 Wynt. I. Prol. 23.
In to plane and opyne style But curyous wordis or suttyle a1500 Bk. Chess 40.
In termes plane & schortlie 1513 Doug. Direct. 94.
Na facund rethoryk … Bot haymly playn termys famyliar Id. Æn. i. Prol. 110. 1535 Stewart 154. c1552 Lynd. Mon. 624.
The law of God he trewlie did translait Out of Hebrew and Greik in Latyne plane 1560 Rolland Seven S. Prol. 124.
Quhair I it fand into plane prois … Without cullour or feit Ib. Prol. 111. Ib. Schort Schawing 11. 1562-3 Winȝet I. 60/35.
The plane and sempill trewth … requiris only plane familiar and na curius nor affectat speche c1590 Fowler I. 28/55.
I … said in speaches plane ‘How kenst thow me’ 1652 Nicoll Diary 96.
To … writt all such … evidentes to the pepill of this natioun in playne significant Englische language without abreviating of wordis a1658 Durham Comm. Rev. 264.
His plainest words are most significant, massie and apposite

b. transf. to the speaker or writer. 1527 Douglas Corr. 343.
Apperdone my simpilnes that I amme sa planne in my writingis 1598 James VI Basil. Doron. 179/6.
In youre langage be plaine … escheuing … all mignarde and æffeminate termis

8. In the natural or unworked form, of simple kind without addition, elaboration or embellishment. a. Of material things. c1475 Wall. vii. 1148.
The bryg … Off gud playne burd was weill and junctly maid a1500 Colk. Sow iii. 44.
Manis wit bringis agane A thowsand pundis fynit out of vris plane a 1500 Coll. St. Salvator 162.
Ane other plan stull for the beschopis set 1531–2 M. Works Acc. (ed.) I. 94.
xliii futis pantit werk … , of plane werk … iii^c ane futis 1532 Treas. Acc. VI. 77.
ii pair of hois that ane cuttit out and that uthir plane 1576 Digest Justiciary Proc. I. 21.
He had … ane blak bannot on his heid clois behind & plane befoir 1603 Montgomery Mem. 247.
For ane plen pykit vyr couerit vith heir to ver on my head x s. 1631 Edinb. Test. LV. 20 b.
Thrie falling bandes tua lacet and the vther plane 1657 Montgomery Mem. 320.
Ane gilt silver bassen with ane laiver, … ane plaine silver bassen with ane laiver 1665 Old Ross-shire I. 144.
Pleane

b. transf. Applied to demeanour or style of dress. c1460 Thewis Gud Women 30.
Nocht outragous in hire cleithinge Bot plane maner and gudly thing Ib. 115.
Ay hald rownd and plan maner 1565 St. A. Kirk S. 236.
Be hyr plane contenance and behavor schawyn at the pretendit promys mackyng

c. Applied to music: see Plain-sang n. and Mud(e n.³ a. 1537 Reg. Episc. Aberd. I. 413.
Sex bernis … sall syng the said anteme … in plaine singynge one ilk feriall day 1590 Burel Queen's Entry xx.
With priksang and the singing plane — 1657 R. Moray Lett. 31 Dec.
I shall be ready to … play him a spring either in plain mood, hemiola, sesquialtora, triple or which you will

9. Not more than, nothing beyond or beside (what the noun expresses), unsupported, simple, mere.(1) 1375 Barb. xviii. 332 (C).
Dowglas … varnyt thame the playn [E. warnit planly] herbery 1469 Charter (Reg. H.) No. 416.
Be plane charter of … sesing & heretable state maid to me 1485 Acts II. 170/2.
That na respittis be gevin in tym tocum for tha ar mar agane justice na plane remissions ar 1514–15 Selkirk B. Ct. (ed.) 30.
The … balȝeis with ane plane interlocutor hes ordanit Stewyne … to kep the commoun seil 1518 Ib. 47. 1519–20 Edinb. B. Rec. I. 194.
Thair bairnis … to be techeit in … allanerlie grace buke prymar and plane donatt [pr. douatt] 1588 Digest Justiciary Proc. L. 63.
Johnne Millar hes na heritage bot is ane plane fermorar 1600-1610 Melvill 182.
On the Setterday … or the Sabathe … or bathe, salbe a lecture or plean leasone in the Catechisme 16.. Row Cupp of Bon-Accord 1 b.
A good minister wald a been content of a dish of plaine milk and bread, humble meat indeed(2) 1560 Bk. Disc. 184.
Ony thing quhilk Goddis plane word sall not approve a1561 Q. Kennedy Breif Tract. (ed.) 134/2.
Mark, gude Reader, quhow agreable ar the saingis of the anciant fathers vith the plane text of the scriptoure 1566 Crim. Trials I. i. 484.
This is the simpill and plane trewth of our pairties c1610 Melville Mem. 282.
Requesting him to tell the plan verite

10. Intensifying the noun: Mere, ‘naked’, ‘absolute’. 1518 Selkirk B. Ct. (ed.) 46.
For breking of his protectioun and playne oppressioun of us c1520-c1535 Nisbet Rom. x. 10 marg.
Ellis wer the wordis of the mouthe playnne ypocrisye 1525 St. A. Formulare I. 270.
Maledictioun … mot lycht on thame, makand plane were and heirschippis apoun the Cristin men 1529 Selkirk B. Ct. (ed.) 99.
This inquest … fyndis that thai have done plane rycht anentis [etc.] 1533 Boece v. iii. 168 b.
Plane reif 1560 Rolland Seven S. 9519.
Ȝit I say anis agane … thow art a tratour plane 1562-3 Winȝet I. 63/8.
Plane rebell 1568 Anderson Collect. Mary IV. ii. 116.
Plaine hostility a1570-86 Maitland Maitl. F. xxii. 64.
Fleschlie gospellaris Quha in thair wordis apperis rycht godlie Bot ȝit thair varkis the plane contrair declaris 1578–9 Reg. Privy C. III. 87.
Walter Scot … come to the said Patrikis … landis … and … set doun … his subtennentis thairin … and intendis be plane force … to debar … the said Patrik thairfra 1600 Crim. Trials II. 185.
I trow it sall kyth to be ane plane treassoun one my lordis pairt 1600-1610 Melvill 256.
Plean papistrie c1650 Spalding I. 161.
Yit for plane feir of truble … thay subscrivit over agane this thair covenant

11. That is without reserve or prevarication; candid, frank, straightforward, forthright, blunt.Of a person or his statements. a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 1178.
It tuichis myne honour sa neir Ye mak me plane ansueir a1500 Bk. Chess 1561.
To pvniss hir with worschipe couth he nocht So plane scho was and said richt as scho thocht 1501 Doug. Pal. Hon. 1969.
In thair promittis thay stude euer firme and plane a1568 Scott xii. 1. a1561 Q. Kennedy Breif Tract. (ed.) 114/10.
Quhat planar vordis … nor thir? 1558-66 Knox I. 41.
It came at last to my lord him self who macking it veray nyce for a lytill space, gave in the end ane plain confessioun Ib. 133.
Whill that he dissimuled thei said ‘Maister George, be plaine with us’ 1563-1570 Buch. Wr. 46.
Being precise and plane in all doingis Id. Indict. 37.
Plane wordis a1585 Arbuthnot Maitl. Q. xxxvi. 7.
Quha sa in luif is trew & plaine He salbe luifit weill againe 1587–8 Cal. Sc. P. IX. 549.
We cannot but accepte in verie good parte his loving and playne letter 1623 Aberd. Council Lett. I. 203.
As for Sir Johne Scott … ye ar to be plane with him 1630 Ib. 314.
Plane 1650 Rec. Kirk Scotl. 640.
And in pleine termes we are oblidged … to assist [etc.] 1698 Annandale Corr. 161.
I … shal speeck plain languits. The insolence of thoos people is not to be indured

12. Quasi-noun in in (into) and on plane, in the open, without concealment; openly, publicly; frankly, truly, indeed.Only in verse. Esp. common in Wall.(1) ?1438 Alex. ii. 10864.
Quhen Porrus saw thame cumming in plane He weilcumit thame c1450-2 Howlat 211. a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 1093. c1475 Wall. iv. 169.
My mynde is sett in playne Wrokyn to be or ellis [etc.] Ib. viii. 707.
Thus Wallace has in playn discumfyt … all his strang battaill Ib. iii. 253, vi. 676. a1500 Bk. Chess 1015.
Quhen this was herd in plane amang the laif The men of weir … vnderstud [etc.] a1508 Kennedy Pass. Christ 224.
He gat discipillis, syne ȝeid in plane 1501 Doug. Pal. Hon. 2163.
Breif buriall quair … Till cum in plane se that thow not pretend thé. Thy barrant termis … Sall not be mine c1500-c1512 Dunb. Tua Mar. W. 244. 1513 Doug. i. vi. 36.
Hir son … said ‘Trewly, maide, in plane [etc.]’ 1560 Rolland Seven S. 8459, etc.
Thay being all togidder sa conuenit To thame in plane the king schew quhat he menit 1567 G. Ball. 63.
For than bene far better in to plaine Not till haif hard thy precept in scripture Than [etc.] a1586 Kamington in Maitland Geneal. Setoun 47.
He for sorrow halfling deit in plaine(2) c1500-c1512 Dunb. xlix. 39 (M).
War the fox tane ane thusand fauld And grace him giffin als oft for fraud Var he on plane All war in vane Fra hence agane Nane mycht him hald