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A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)

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First published 2001 (DOST Vol. X).
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To, Til(l, prep., adv., conj. (adj.). Also: toe, too, tow, tou, tho, two, tu, te, ti(e, ty, til(l)e, (tilt), tyl(l, tyl(l)e, tel(l, (tle). [ME and e.m.E. tu, to (both a1175), te (c1200), till (Orm), til (c1220), tille (Manning), tylle (c1420), tyll (c1460), tyl (Caxton), too (1585), OE tó, MDu. toe, MLG tô, ON til.See also Hiddertil(l adv., Hiddertillis adv., Intil(l prep., Into prep., Ontil(l prep. and conj., Onto prep. and conj. and prep., Unto prep. and conj.

A. prep.To and till are freq. used in the same context, appar. as alternatives. In early use the rule of till coming before vowels or h tends to be observed, later the variation seems to be simply a matter of style. Cross-references from one example to the other where both occur have not usually been given.

1. Indicating the destination of a movement or journey: To, towards.Also to and fra. Cf. C adv. 2.(1) 1375 Barb. ii 313.
[He] Ischyt in-forcely to the fycht a1500 Henr. Fab. 189 (Ch.).
The mous cryit ‘heir’ … and furth scho come hir to a1500 Henr. Fab. 1932.
The bodie to the wormis keitching go 1489 Treas. Acc. I 115.
To Inglis pyparis, that com to the Castell ȝet 1501–2 Treas. Acc. II 134.
For bering of the cunȝee irnis fra the Abbay to the Castell c1500-c1512 Dunb. Tua Mar. W. 13.
In haist to the hege so hard I inthrang That [etc.] 1531 Bell. Boece II 154.
The Pichtis, in this jurnay, come to Scone 1547 (c1580) Edinb. B. Rec. II 129.
The guidis that ar inbrocht to thair heavin of Leyth 1570 Peebles B. Rec. I 323.
All meill to be presentit to the mercat croce 1572-5 Diurn. Occurr. 284.
Ane certane … craftischilder … and vtheris … past to wappynnis and thai brak doun the said jibbat c1623 Melrose P. 514.
The whole Dunkirk kippage came to land 1650 Glasgow Wrights Acts 13.
Any of the members who salbe warned to any meiting, and cumes not [etc.] 1660 Boharm Kirk S. 10 July.
The King's happie arrivall to his three kingdoms 1669 Lamont Diary 209.
Lord Elphiston … who comeing home ward from Glasgow to his infare [etc.](b) 1375 Barb. ii 10.
The marschell till the hall gan ga 1375 Barb. vi 420.
Than thai that enbuschyt war Ischyt till him 1375 Barb. vii 421.
His leysche till him drew he & leyte hys hundis gang all fre a1400 Leg. S. xxiii 395.
I sal haf ȝow thame til, Quhare thai sit, in-to the hil Of Chelyone a1400 Leg. S. xli 155.
The prefet … gert hire til the bordale lede a1400 Leg. S. xlvii 182.
Thai bestis … fel al thre til hir fet c1400 Troy-bk. ii 1464 (C).
Anthenore myght … Both come and go the cite till c1420 Wynt. iii 1072.
Fergus-Ercson … Broucht this stane wytht-in Scotland … And Skune thare-eftyre it wes broucht tylle 1429 Sc. Hist. Rev. XXXI 145.
Qwen the kyngis letteris war sent till Lochryan 1456 Hay I 202/26.
Gif a preste be assailit … berand Goddis body on him till a seke man 1476 Reg. Cupar A. I 225.
Tha sal cum til ane of our hed courtis c1475 Wall. i 324.
Till hym thar socht may fechtars 1490 Treas. Acc. I 134. c1515 Asl. MS I 219/14.
Remanit thar bot iij days and was continewit till Edinburgh becaus of the sege 1499–1500 Acta Conc. II 387.
That he pas til the secretar and tak his letters of ressat thairapone ?14.. Ship Laws c. 10 (B).
A schyp cummys to Burdews or tyl ony vthir havyn 1549 Compl. 40/20.
Hail hym vp til vs 1552 Edinb. B. Rec. II 172.
Thair is no wther place left to play interludis in to draw pepill till the toune c1552 Lynd. Mon. 2650.
Quhy thole ȝe thame to ryn from toun to toun, In pylgramage, tyll ony imagreis 1574–5 Haddington Treas. Acc. 8.
To bring ane wrytting till Edinburgh to the prowest 1560 Rolland Seven S. 6935. c1590 Fowler II 156/27.
A violent flood … that … forceablye caryeis … an part of earth til another ground(c) 1650 Culross Rec. in Sc. Ant. IV 28.
A yellow gowen which he brought tie him from the wyffe of Kilbuk(2) 1574 Laing Chart. 225.
Prouyding this be nocht preiudiciall to the said reuerend fatheris … moss … and gait that he aucht to haffe to and fra the same and siklyk … to the said Mr. Jhone [etc.] … in vsing thair mos … and to ane gait to cum and gang to and fra the same

b. In fig. context, where the movement is not literal. 1375 Barb. xvi 534.
Till hevynnis blis Quhar alway lestand loving is c1420 Wynt. viii 4884.
Hyr amowris thus till my hart rynnys ?a1500 Remembr. Passion 688.
The saule … past till the hevin 1513 Doug. i x 12.
The dreid brynt hir inwart, With mony thocht ran hastely tyll hir hart

2. Expressing extent or direction: To, towards, at, as far as.The Leg. S. example may belong in 1.(a) 1375 Barb. i 188.
He … all the land gan occupy … [Fra Weik … ] To Mullyr snwk in Gallaway 1388–9 MacRae Early Sc. Texts No. 2.
Fra that heid evyn furth lynit to the ded mannis grave 1498 (c1580) Edinb. B. Rec. I 75.
The childer dwelland to landwart c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) Tua Mar. W. 125.
I dar nought keik to the knaip that the cop fillis 1547 Reg. Privy C. I 81.
The baronis [etc.] of the forsaidis scherefdomes to burgh and to land 1567 Reg. Privy C. I 521.
All and sindrie liegis of this realme, alsweill to burgh as to land 1573 Edinb. B. Rec. IV 2.
To … hald in the North Loch to the hieast clouse 1616 Aberd. B. Rec. II 340.
The new wall … to ryise vp till the founding of the kirnellis 1656 Peebles B. Rec. II 35.
Edderstoun burne, lying to the commoun loaning(b) 1375 Barb. ix 298.
He … gert his men bryn all Bowchane Fra end till end 1375 Barb. xii 56 (C).
He the hed till harnys claf a1400 Leg. S. xi 305.
Athre of thame … schot thai edryse til 1446 Reg. Episc. Aberd. I 247.
Ascendand vp an ald fald dyk to the hill and … descendand … til a mos

b. Indicating a place or position: At, in, on.Some examples may belong in 1.(a) a1400 Leg. S. xxi 12.
Wedyr & wynd he has in wald Fore-thi dewot til hym suld be Thai that saylis to the se(b) c1420 Wynt. viii 4353.
To thame in hy he can hym speyd Till his castelle ?14.. Ship Laws c. 18 (B).
A marchand frauchtys a schyp wyth his charge til his recept 1601–2 Montrose Treas. Acc. 9.
To George Smythsone for gangine to the provest till Karrinvathe

c. With a pronoun followed by -wart. ?a1500 Dewoit Exerc. 113.
Than drew ȝour heid to thaimwart

3. Indicating the recipient to whom something or someone is given (sold, owed, etc.) communicated and the like; the person or thing to or upon whom or which an event, action or state of affairs applies or operates. a. With transitive verbs, introducing an indirect object. Also with reflexive verbs and in ellipt. consts.For many further examples of this sense and sense b below see also under individual verbs, including Answer v. 2 b, c, 4 b, 6, Lat v.¹ 6 b (3), Obey v. 1, also, Borch(t n. 3 c, Hand n. 10, Kepe n. 1, Tent n.¹ a.(a) 1375 Barb. ii 44.
He mysdyd … That gave na gyrth to the awter 1375 Barb. x 310 (C).
He … set a sege to the castele a1400 Leg. S. vii 103.
Ilkane to tham-selfe can tel … how [etc.] c1390 Reg. Morton I xl.
Doand to the fornemmit J. and til his men beforsaid il molest wrang and greif 14.. Acts I 30/2.
He that it to was lent is haldyn to restore it 1398–9 Acts I 211/2.
That thai … gif thair complayntis in to writ to the lieutenande c1460 Consail Vys Man 130.
To thi frendis kep thi kyndnes 1456 Hay I 40/1.
Thai suld mak were to the king Latyn 1478–9 Acta Aud. 71/1.
That … Cristiane has richt to the said land c1475 Wall. iv 32.
The suth thou to me ler 1489 Treas. Acc. I 128.
To ij men that brocht the Larde of Bardowis halk again to the king a1500 Seven S. 1636.
To the ymag he gaf a blaw 1492 Myll Spect. 272/27.
Thai put nocht the blaim thairof to me c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 193/5.
He wirkis sorrow to him sell 1513 Doug. xii xi 173.
A bekyn with hys hand to thame maid he 1540 Lynd. Sat. 19 (B).
Humanitie … bad me schaw to ȝow … That [etc.] 1545 Antiq. Aberd. & B. II 348.
The assedatioun made be me to William Lindisay c1550 Lynd. Meldrum 1162.
This Ladie … Ane douchter to the Squyer bair 1559 Inverness Rec. I 39.
And pay the credittoris to quhom he left his geyr to 1572 Sat. P. xxxvi 78.
The air of Buchane quhom he did commit To thy keiping a1585 Maitl. Q. 24/33.
God grant His grace to the inferiouris Of this puir realme … till obey to their superiouris 1590 Crim. Trials I ii 197.
Quhen … Agnes Roy sperit at hir, ‘To quhat effect the said bodyis of clay suld be maid?’ … [she] said ‘That ane of thame wald be maid to the young Lady Balnagoun’ 1622-6 Bisset II 206/15.
The samin law salbe keiped to thame quhilk is keiped in thair cuntrie 1688 Boharm Kirk S. 9 Sept.
Adam McLaharich against whom was proved Sabbath breach by drawing a knife to Agnes Grant(b) 1375 Barb. i 245.
He that thryll is … All that he has enbandownyt is Till hys lord 1375 Barb. xi 167.
He set ledaris till ilk bataile 1386 Rot. Sc. II 85/2.
Aythir part sal make warnyng til othir of xv dayes c1390 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 20.
It is lytill rewarde till vs till haue [etc.] 1410–11 Reg. Episc. Brechin. I 30.
We assignit til the partieis the law day and hed court nixt eftir Michelmes nixt to cum 1418 Liber Melros 502.
Nychole has frely gyfen till … the kyrkwerk of Melros all the fermys … at langis … till the said landis c1420 Wynt. i 62.
That we all comend Tyll Gode that we can noucht defende 1428 Antiq. Aberd. & B. III 271.
Thai payande to me or till my ayeir the soume aucht 1429 Dumbarton B. Rec. App. ii 2.
Of mandiment and powar gefin til vs … we summonyt the burges 1449 Lanark & R. 171.
It is complenȝit tyl us … that ȝe mak distrublans c1456 Edinb. B. Rec. MS 3.
Convict … for the distroublance done till Megg Crag 1467 Montrose Baillie Ct. 18b.
The nwrth watter is set tyl Alexander Cant a1500 Rauf C. 390.
The gude king … callit Schir Rolland him till 1478 Charter (Reg. H.) No. 471.
For carnale affectyone quhilk we haf tyll hym 1500 Acta Conc. II 472.
Referris this accione til the kingis justice 1513 Doug. x ii 20.
Gyf we … till ane bab commyt the batellys charge 1530 Edinb. B. Rec. II 28.
We command … that ony seiknes happinis … that thai revele the samyn till thar nerest nychtbour 1554 Dundee B. Ct. II 325a (23 July).
Inhibitioun to be put till hym be our dane of gild a1561 Q. Kennedy Breif Tract. (ed.) 114/9.
Tha leif na place of dowt til al sik c1568 Lauder Minor P. i 486.
Wo be till him 1569-73 Bann. Memor. 6.
Giff there be ony stout carle that will fight, set me till him(c) a1500 Bernardus 119.
To thi nychtbowr … Sel better chepe na thow othir tyle(d) 1655 Ruthven Corr. 134.
I had a pretention tow 14 thowsand marks(e) 1669 Dunkeld Presb. I 191.
Intimation to be made ti the said parishreflex. 1502 Acta Conc. III 176.
The sade Ysabell menit hir till the kingis hienes 1655 Stirling Ant. II 18.
[He] did ingaige himself to the minister … that [etc.]ellipt. 1428 Ayr. B. Acc. in Sc. Hist. Rev. XXXI 144.
To Law McMartyn for a letter beryn 1497 Treas. Acc. I 344.
Item, to ane cowpar for [etc.] 1501 Treas. Acc. II 104.
In Kyrkcudbricht, to the gudwif of the kingis innys, xviij s.(b) 1488 Treas. Acc. I 88.
Item, til a man that beyris Sanct Fyllanis bell … xviij s.

b. With intransitive verbs. Also proverb.(a) 1375 Barb. ii 260.
Giff that ȝe will trow to me ?1438 Alex. i 147.
With his sword … To ane Grecian he swappit sa That arme and shulder he dang him fra 14.. Acts I 42/2.
Sua that na complaynt cum to the kyngis chalmerlane 1456 Hay I 116/18.
He that rebellis to the prince 1460 Hay Alex. 1852.
Him thocht that he suld haue bot litill ado And he mycht anis in gripis win him to a1500 Rauf C. 419.
He followit to him haistely a1500 Seven S. 6.
He had no barne bot ane … That to the empyre micht succeid a1500 K. Hart 312.
Quhat wicht that micht it heir suld iuge sone To angell song 14… Edinb. Univ. MS La.ii.318.
The angel to Toby spak 1540 Renfrew Arch. Coll. I 190.
The said Gabriell sell … assist to him 1562-3 Winȝet II 49/33.
Quhylis he lippinnis ouermekle to his awin ingyne, and creditis til him self largely 1567–8 Inverness Rec. I 160.
Thair schone … lestis nocht aucht dayis to thame 1568 Buch. Indict. 42.
I haif faillit to Bastiane(b) 1375 Barb. ii 318.
The king … till his men gan hely cry 1375 Barb. iv 727.
Quhatkyn perell apperis To thaim a1400 Leg. S. vii 844.
Gyfe thai will Lewe thare erroure & turne Hym till ?1438 Alex. ii Prol. 16 (see Ta(k v.¹ 72 b). 1444 Aberd. B. Rec. I 12.
Quhilk of tham twa that trespassis fyrst til othir … sal pay [etc.] 1460 Hay Alex. 1178.
Gif ony case hapnit till ane of tha c1475 Wall. i 60.
He thocht till hym to mak [etc.] ?a1500 Dewoit Exerc. 325.
Maist dolorus moder, pray for ws till him that bocht ws so deir c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 131/1.
Complane I wald, wist I quhome tilt, Or unto quhome darett my bill 1535 Stewart 1238.
The schame and lak redundis till ws bayth c1590 Fowler I 61/108.
No more I do regrait that she refused me till 1603 Philotus 848.
Ȝit thay may Perchance till vs agrie(c) 1515 Douglas Corr. 69.
Nedfull it is, … to caus the Kyng … wryte ta the Kyng of Fransproverb. a1598 Ferg. Prov. No. 21.
A half-pennie cat may look to the king

c. In the formal greeting in the preamble of a letter.In early instances the use of till before a vowel is almost always observed.(a) 1388–9 Charter (Reg. H.) Suppl.
That to yow we make kennyt 1389 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 15.
Robert Erle of Fyf … to the custumers of the Grete Custume … greting 1389–90 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 18.
Be it kennit to all men 1400 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 50 (see (b) below). 1460 Charter (Reg. H.) C.O. No. 56.
To ȝour vniuersite I mak it kende that [etc.] 1672 Rothesay B. Rec. 313.
Be it kend to all men be thir present letters(b) c1379 MacRae Early Sc. Texts No. 1.
Be it kennyt till al men throch this presens [etc.] 1381 Douglas Chart. 29.
Till al that thir lettres herys or seys, … gretyng 1400 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 50.
Water Stewart … til Wylyhame of Qwytson … sendys gretyn, to thé we byde … thir lettris sene … yow gyfe til Schir Jon Stevart … or til his atornayis [etc.] … In the wytnese of the quilk thing … our sele to thir presend lettris is to put 1410–11 Reg. Episc. Brechin. I 29.
Tyll all that thir lettres heris and seis 1417–18 Durham Priory Reg. II fol. 11 (6 March).
Robert duc of Albany … til Dene Williame Drakis greting 1443 Antiq. Aberd. & B. III 269.
Till all that it effeiris … we mak knawyne be thir present letteris 1537 Antiq. Aberd. & B. II 366.
Til al and sindry quhais knawlege this present write sal tocum 1551 Rec. Earld. Orkney 244.
Be it kend tyle al men 1670 Dunkeld Presb. I 182.
Be it kend till all men by thir presents(c) 1425 (1426) Reg. Great S. 11/1.
Be it kend tel al men(d) 1604 Stewart Mem. 109.
Too louittis oure shireffis … greting

4. With expressions of proximity, indicating closeness to a place, etc., action or season. a. With a qualifying expression. See also Ner adv. 1 b for further examples.(1) a1500 Seven S. 2326.
Ane strait towre … He biggit fast to the castall wall 1490–1 Acta Conc. I 190/2.
Four acris of lande immediately liand to the said mansioune 1543 Reg. Privy S. III 63/1.
The commoun grene, adjacent to the kirk-stile(b) 1375 Barb. xix 506.
Thai … herbryit thaim … als ner Till it as thai beforouth wer c1420 Wynt. vi 2234.
A knycht, that in that chas Till this Makbeth than nerest was c1420 Wynt. viii 3434.
The Scottis men come till a bra Twa bowdrawcht 1531 Bell. Boece I 171.
Ane cumpany of Romanis … war within twa milis to thair army 1555 Glenartney Doc.
Vtheris places nixt adiacent till our said forest 1570 Leslie 140.
That nane of thame suld come within foure myllis to the king c1586 Maxwell Mem. II 159.
Melvein lyis within fauir myil of Edinburch at the Stanehouis vithin tua myil to Edinburche ?1549 Monro W. Isles (1961) 57.
Besides this ile be ane pennystane cast till it thair is ane uther ile(2) 14.. Burgh Laws c. 98 (A).
The next of the frendis salbe nerrar to by [= buy] that lande than ony other mane salbe till it(3) c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 174/16.
So nixt to summer winter bein

b. Without qualification, chiefly indicating contact or close proximity: Against, at, beside, to.(a) a1500 Seven S. 1386.
Scho … set his chyar to the fyre a1605 Montg. Ch. & Slae 7 (W).
I laye and leind me to ane busse 1684 Corshill Baron Ct. 166.
He brought the harrow … and sett it to his door(b) 1375 Barb. i 99.
Landis that war till him marcheand c1475 Wall. ix 509.
Bot tyll a wall thai haiff thar bakkis set ?a1500 Remembr. Passion 533.
Quhen thow saw … the speir put till his hert c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 112/5.
[He] till his breist did hir imbrace(c) 1584 Sempill in Sat. P. xlv 388.
Stones that mekle mair can doe, In leich craft, whair scho layis them toe

5. Indicating a limit. b. Till a nail (Nail n. 1 c), ? to a precise degree. c. To the devill, ? to an extreme degree, very greatly. d. Vord to vord, word for word, exactly.(a) 1518 Peebles Chart. I 46.
Thair complices … to the novmer of xxvj bodin men 1551–2 Reg. Privy C. I 121.
Thar thair be ane certane nowmer of … men of the Bordouris for the part of Scotland, and siclik for the part of Ingland to equale nowmer 1560 Inverness Rec. I 46.
He lattis his gudis brek his yard and destroy his kayll to gret quantete 1558-66 Knox II 354.
His army was judged to sevin or aught hundreth men 1564–75 Hamilton & Campsie Test. I 26b.
Item my insprayth to four li. a1578 Pitsc. I 397/32.
And the lutennent come efterwart in the great battell to the number of iiij^m speiris 1591 Thanes of Cawdor 192.
That either of us sall stoip lait and hinder the samin to our powerris 1597 Edinb. Test. XXX 290b.
Four dusson of kie bandis estimat to vi li. 1617 Melrose P. 299.
Yiour sacred majestie … was … intertenyed to thair powar, althoe far onder yiour dew 1643 Aberd. B. Rec. IV 3.
Throw want of scoole laws … authors ar not taucht to the capacitie of the scoolars, quhilk might be … amendit to the ease and contentment of the maisteris(b) 1481–2 Grey Friars II 129.
With the assent … of owre conuent of Dundee, tyll the nomyr of forteyn freris a1500 Henr. Fab. 2096.
Sell thy hering thou hes thair till hie priceb. ?1549 Monro W. Isles (1884) 41.
Ane havin … guyed for fostering of theives, ruggairs, and reivairs, till a nail, upon the peilling and spulȝeing of poure pepillc. 1535 Stewart 55960.
Than he befoir that luifit wes so weill, With euerie man wes haittit to the devill; The quhilk wes wont so gentill for to be, Throw greit lordschip … Changit his maneris, and with ilkane man Haittit … wesd. 1592–3 Colville Lett. 97.
Pleis … resave this overture which I delyver vord to vord as wes communicat wnto me

6. Expressing a relation in time, indicating a. A limit to a period of time: Until, to. Also proverb. b. A (future) point in time: Until, at, on.a. ?1438 Alex. ii 327.
All that day to the nicht thay raid 1443 (1450) Reg. Great S. 85/1.
The foresaide takis … to be kepit to the ischa of the termis beforesaide 1528 Lynd. Dreme 25.
Cheiffe cubiculare, Quhilk, to this houre, hes keipit my lawtie 1564 Inverness Rec. I 119.
This attollerance to induyr to Mychelmes nixt a1568 Scott xvii 11.
Merciles I go from ȝeir to ȝeir 1615 Fraserburgh Kirk S. 9 May.
[Banns to be proclaimed] thay hawing fund cautioun for abstinance to mariage(b) a1400 Leg. S. xli 362.
In virginite … Scho lifit furth til hire enday 1387 Edinb. Chart. 36.
Ay tyl the forsayde werk be brocht tyl ende c1475 Wall. iii 432.
I sall do nocht till tyme I tak my leyff c1489 Liber Aberbr. II 264.
Fra Pais till Alhalowmes 1525 Aberd. B. Rec. I xli.
The segister … sall ring all that nicht and till his dirige and saule mas c1552 Lynd. Mon. 5293.
Frome the creatioun … Two thousand ȝeir tyll Abraham a1578 Pitsc. II 52/22.
On nawayis the laird of Ormestoun wald deliuer him bot keipit him still till night 1585 Perth Kirk S. in Spottiswoode Misc. 252.
Therefore the session take till Monday next, to [etc.] 1613 Haddington Corr. 125.
I … sal remaine, your interly affectionit bedfalou til deith 1632 Cullen B. Ct. 7 Dec.
The haill counsall … hes … chosin Johne Gordone … James and Andro Lawtyes bailȝeis till Michalmes nixtproverb. a1628 Carmichael Prov. No. 1865.
Ye will loupe til the morne or ye loupe ane inche from a leneb. a1400 Leg. S. xviii 276.
Scho saw hyme neuir to than 1471 Acta Aud. 13/1.
That the duc of Albany … be warnit of new to the said day for thaire interesse 1511 Antiq. Aberd. & B. III 106.
Gif I will sell the said meile to dais I can nocht get of hand siluer for the boll iiij schillingis and will I sell it to Martymes I will gett for the boll v schillingis vi peneyis 1615 Fraserburgh Kirk S. I 11 April.
Having … endit his repentance to ane sabboth [he] creawis the nixt sabboth to be reliwit(b) 1410–11 Reg. Episc. Brechin. I 30.
The court delait the determinatioun till ane othir court c1420 Wynt. vii 1757.
Thai askyd a delay Till a langare awysment 1466 Acta Aud. 5/2.
Walter Ogilby gert summond Schir James Stewart … til a certane day in the parlment c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 14/68.
Repent thé … Till byde till age is mony perrell sene 1634 Johnston Diary I 232.
I resolved … to cast over thir my irresolutions til the Lamous vacans 1696 Cunningham Diary xxxvii.
I resolve to let my letters ly till the first of December

7. Indicating a state of affairs or activity, or object associated with a state of affairs, etc. chiefly as the outcome, result or goal of the action, event, etc. expressed in the verb.See also Instance n. 2 b for further examples.(a) 1375 Barb. ix 432.
Thai … Put to … gret confusioun Thar fayis a1400 Leg. S. xxix 253.
That thu … ma … wyne to that herytag 1466 Acta Aud. 5/2.
Dauid … protestit that quhat that beis decretit … turne him … to na preiudice in tyme tocum 1473 Holyrood Chart. 153.
James [etc.] to quhais knaulagis thir oure lettres salcum a1500 Seven S. 2600.
This child sa courtly … wox & bure him to the best Sa meike [etc.] 1531 Bell. Boece I ii.
Sum men ar geuin to detractioun 1533 Boece 240.
Britouns … fechtand … to the dede 1535 Stewart 18530.
Da by day it grew ay to the war 1549 Compl. 83/14.
Cayphas … and the Jueis interpret it to the vrang sens a1578 Pitsc. I 17/32.
The governoure callit all his freindis and assistaris to ane counsall 1587 Conv. Burghs I 250.
The commissioneris … aggries to the lenning of four thowsand pundis 1587-99 Hume 110/33.
Giuing himselfe to warldly pleasures a1599 Rollock Wks. I 415.
Tak it [sc. this ministry] away … and schute it to the dore 1607 Highland P. III 105.
I hawe depended vpon your fawor, befoir I was put to this miserie 1612 Breadalbane Lett. (Reg. H.) 28 Nov.
Ȝour sone … is bussie studeing to his Greik c1630 Scot Narr. 297.
Withdrew themselves, some to coatch, and some to foot 1643 Aberd. B. Rec. IV 3.
That … scoole lawes … be printed with all convenient diligence possible to the effect aboue mentionat 1643 Aberd. B. Rec. IV 3 (see 5 above). 1654 Aberd. B. Rec. IV 139.
Tacking to consideratioun how much it might conduce to the glorie of God 1663 Reg. Privy C. 3 Ser. I 405.
The said Rodger … desyred the said James Gilkers to wish him to a wyfe(b) 1375 Barb. i 452.
Thai … throw thar gret walour Come till gret hycht & till honour 1375 Barb. ix 36 (C).
That put him till full hard distres 1375 Barb. xv 4.
Tyll armys! heyly gan thai cry c1400 Troy-bk. ii 946 (C).
The kynges to hys will And hys counsele anerdyt till c1420 Wynt. i 1480.
Thai mycht bryng tyll nane endyng Thare purpos c1420 Ratis R. 1433.
He ȝarnys nocht tyll his reward 14.. Acts I 34/2.
Gif the criour … consentis til falset 1456 Hay I 179/23.
He fyndis ane othir baroun … the quhilk … he ledis with him till hunting 1456 Hay I 301/33.
The delicious metis, and fethir beddis, and small schetis of our lordis … that thai ar usit till 1466 Acta Aud. 4/2.
Johne … sall furthe withe … enter til the saide annuel c1475 Wall. vii 376.
Tharfor till conclusioun, Latt ws [etc.] a1500 Peblis to Play 123.
He stert till ane broggit stauf 1494 Loutfut MS 35b.
Thai haff thre pair of names and all cumis till ane as is said befor of bend a1538 Abell 84a.
He wes legait in Norwage & that wild pepill conuertit till gude life 1548 Corr. M. Lorraine 241.
And this realm cum till an stabill way [etc.] c1552 Lynd. Mon. 184.
Blomes breckand on the tender bewis … did prouoke myne hart tyl natural ioye a1568 Bann. in Bann. MS (STS) II 1/4.
Brocht this buik till licht 1669 Kirkcudbr. Sheriff Ct. Processes No. 37 (2 Feb.).
[The said David] did cast hir over the kist till the effusioun of hir blood

b. specif. Indicating the subject matter of a literary endeavour, etc. See also Spek(e v. 12 c. a1500 Seven S. 110.
Thus … I … to the empriour tornis my pen 1682 Cullen Kirk S. 14 May.
Preacht Mr. John Innes … on the 12 to the Hebrews

c. In ellipt. phrases. c1450-2 Howlat 632 (A).
I will to my first matere 1581-1623 James VI Poems I 231/272.
Tak courage then & boldlie to it 1638 Adamson Muses Thr. I 49.
Then freshly fell we to't again … And kyth … most pleasant game

d. To the fore, in the senses of Fore n. 3.(1) 1600-1610 Melvill 42.
Whowbeit thair was but a crown to the fore betwix tham bathe … yit he fund God's providence to relieve … him selff … till he was provydit 1643 Glasg. Univ. Mun. III 537.
Wanted … a pair of old tongs wherof a piece is to the fore(2) 1660 Melrose Reg. Rec. I 298.
[The defender] grants he hes four [sheep] to the fore(3) 1646 Baillie II 386.
I am now two to the fore with yow, albeit I wrote none the last post

8. For the purpose of (doing or being) whatever is the object of the preposition: For, as.See also Lat v.¹ 6 b for further examples.Cf. 15 b below which is a particular case of this sense.(a) a1400 Leg. S. xviii 839.
Thre lawis to my fud 1428 Wemyss Chart. 56.
Treis … to the oyse of the bygynge of the induellaris 14.. Burgh Laws c. 15 (B).
Al nedful thyngys that is to mete & clath a1500 Henr. Orph. 523.
He to the soupere Slewe his awin sone … In till a sewe wyth spicis sodyn 1531–2 M. Works Acc. (ed.) I 105.
The expensis maid … to the furnysing … of the said plaice 1540 Lynd. Sat. 84 (B).
That I may rewill my realme to thy pleseir 1567 Edinb. B. Rec. III 241.
Thair collectour generall in and to the vplifting … of all malis 1569 Canongate Ct. Bk. 94.
Agnes … tuke to hir parte the … heich hous 1569 Reg. Privy C. II 74.
That the same mycht be inbrucht to his hienes use 1589–1600 Skipper's Acc. (Morton) 41b.
Wellem Macall ine Bordes … to laid hes [etc.] 1625 Scot Vox Vera 26.
The keckling of geese was to the safety of the Capitolium 1631 Buccleuch Household Bk. 29 Oct.
A quhyt breid was bocht to brakfast 1670 Ellon Par. 130.
[The minister] gon to the Mearnes with the laird of Savok to his marriage 1682 Cochran-Patrick Coinage II 190.
Silver and gold put in the fyre to be maide bullione to other new money is … waisted(b) 1375 Barb. xix 51.
He wes sent Till his pennance to Dunbertane c1420 Wynt. iii 134.
He tyll sacryfice has hyr slayne 1429 Sc. Hist. Rev. XXXI 145.
Till John off Askeyne … till his fee 1440 Antiq. Aberd. & B. IV 193.
He havand til his warandice … the kingis lettres … of discharge 1460 Hay Alex. 498.
To speir Gif sic ane hors mycht serve till maisteir 1466 Reg. Dunferm. 356.
It sall be leissum to me and my ayres to mak a myln … till oure awn wsse c1475 Wall. xi 352.
Quhat gestis he had … He said, it was bot till a kyrkyn fest 1478 Acta Conc. I 4/2.
Johne & Neile nouther past nor war chargit to pas with the said Walter til ony journay 1498 Acta Conc. II 185.
That the landis … aucht of law til be lattin til borch to him 1596 Dalr. I 93/5.
Thair cleithing was til necessitie, and nocht til decore

b. To (one's, etc.) name. See Name n. 1 (3) for further examples. c1400 Troy-bk. ii 326 (C).
The prest … The which hath to name Thoas 1456 Hay I 17/18.
The stern was callit to name the bitter stern 1513 Doug. i v 69.
Ascanyvs … to surname clepit Julus 1535 Stewart 14790.
Ane greit nobill, hecht Pertinax to name 15.. Clar. iii 1446.
The toun … Belvilladoun … to name was callit 1596 Dalr. I 141/11.
The aucht king … to name was Thereus 1659 House Gordon II 143.
William Gordon … caled gay-garters to a nickname

9. In return, reward for (a service performed). 1394–5 Liber Aberbr. II 43.
Willam sal haf … a stane of ilke hyndyr that he fynys til his trauel 1482 Peebles B. Rec. I 192.
The drystar sall haf for ilk kyllfull tyll his seruice vj d. and his dynar

10. Indicating the person or thing, etc. for whose use, benefit, disposal, etc., something is done, happens, etc.There is some overlap with sense 8.(a) 1456 Hay II 12/13.
Armoure suld be … maid to thai knychtis 1474 Treas. Acc. I 22.
Carsaye for a govne to the king 1511 Treas. Acc. IV 180.
For offerand to tua morne missis and at the hie mis 1532 M. Works Acc. (ed.) I 107.
Thre glassin wyndois to the kingis kechin 1551 Treas. Acc. X 42.
Colis … to Lady Annis chalmer 1566-70 Buch. Comm. on Virgil Georgics iii 528.
Simplicis, … without any sauce to it 1578–9 Haddington Treas. Acc.
Makin of ane baksprent to the knok 1570 Lanark B. Rec. 51.
Item viij d. for gerthes to the furlattis 1589 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. App. viii 105.
xx gros of greit hornis to the goune 1590 Edinb. B. Rec. V 332.
Maskis … to the moiris c1650 Spalding II 358.
With about nyne scoir chalderis of victuall in his girnellis for he had keipit wp mekill of thrie yeiris rent to ane darth 1663 Melrose Reg. Rec. II 70.
[They had paid him] be the grasseing of lambes to him 1676 Kirkcudbr. B. Rec. MS 17 May.
His pulling doun ane hous to the said Bessie(b) 1375 Barb. iii 761.
Thai fand meit till his cumpany 1375 Barb. iv 614.
The day That he set till his messinger 1375 Barb. xiv 5.
Scotland to litill wes Till his brother and him alsua a1400 Leg. S. ii 895.
Paule … is mad til ws merour 1387 Edinb. Chart. 35.
The communyte … fyndand al coste and al grayth tyl that werk c1420 Wynt. v 5232.
In Twlycultry till a wiffe Twa swnnys he rasyd fra dede to lyff 1428 Sc. Hist. Rev. XXXI 143.
For irn tyll it [sc. the bell] ij s. c1475 Wall. viii 1230.
He bad hyr rys and said it was nocht rycht A queyn on kneis till ony lavar wycht 1482 Fam. Rose 149.
Fyffty gud martis … til oure lardner in Striueling 1489 Treas. Acc. I 161.
Inglis rede to be a wylecoyt and hoyse til him 1494 Loutfut MS 6b.
Thai sall exersit the said office till al princis 1495 Treas. Acc. I 262.
Velvous till ane harnessing 1540 Ecclesia Antiqua 282.
To lycht the lamp till evynsanggis 1554–5 Edinb. B. Rec. II 353.
Ane loke with … foure keyis till it 1616 M. Works Acc. (ed.) II 60.
10 headstellis till the horssis(c) 1695 Soc. Ant. II 234.
For 2 dozen of leases tay the brew peaces and theans

11. Indicating the knowledge, concern, etc. of a person, or the concerned person himself in a situation; as far as (one) is concerned or aware. Also according till.See also Accordand pres. p. and According pres. p. for further examples.(a) 1641 Rothes Affairs Kirk App. 226.
I have not deserved evell att ther hands … , to my knawledg 1672 Kirkcudbr. B. Rec. MS (25 March).
Declaring that to his judgment the said Johne Marques is in no hazard of his life 1673 Corshill Baron Ct. 109.
James Smith … declares the said skaith to his judgement wes three peckes(b) c1420 Wynt. i 827.
For tha ar, tyll yhowre knawlage, Translatyde welle in oure langage 1444 Aberd. B. Rec. I 10.
It was cum til his vnderstand that [etc.] 1456 Hay I 244/17.
Till a wis man, all the lettres of asseurance … of the warld is nathing in comparisoun of his predicioun c1475 Wall. x 1055.
Tak the croun; till ws it war kyndar To bruk for ay, or fals Eduuard it war 1521 Liber Melros 630.
[We] sall … minster justice according till our office of bailȝerye 1596 Dalr. I 112/24.
This name, my lord, appeires til vs, … sa gret dignitie to conteine, that [etc.]

12. Indicating the person or thing to whom or which a preceding adjective, noun, adverb, etc. applies: As regards, with regard to, for, to, of.See also Det adj. and 15 a below for further examples.(a) ?1438 Alex. ii 2850.
Thow spekes richt wele to mine intent 1401 Aberd. B. Rec. (SHS) 211.
We ar richt mykil haldyn to yhu and als til hym 1460 Hay Alex. 2152.
His purpos … To quhilk thai war accord c1460 Thewis Wysmen 191.
Thai … furtheris al men that are abile To clergy, craft or lawbourage To wyne thar levinge a1500 Lanc. 388.
To dremys … shuld no man have respek … Shir, no record lyith to such thing c1475 Wall. iii 217.
He sparyt nane that abill was to wer 1490 Irland Mir. I 90/9.
The man was inobedient to God 1494 Loutfut MS 8b.
Quhilk is litill to the regard of othir casis 1531 Bell. Boece I xxvi.
The Scottis … richt ingenius to every new inventioun 1551 Hamilton Cat. 113.
And a man mycht haif lauchfully luffit his nychtbouris wyfe, he mycht a fischit ane cause to his wife, to put hir away … or sche also quhen sche desyrit ane uther, wald mak faltis to hir husband, to get hir leif 1580 Acts III 191/1.
It is verie hard to ignorantis to decerne … the trew fra the fals 1596 Dalr. II 23/9.
Allan, quha to the weiris was sa inflamet that [etc.] 1596 Dalr. II 375/9.
Quhilk … makes mekle to the credit of the hail historie 1606 Dickson & Edmond Ann. Sc. Printing 355.
As to my legaceis … I wes obleist to gif vnto my dochter … ane hundreth pundis 1617 Elgin Rec. II 152.
All the seattis … be dravin in and nocht to imped the entress to the kirk flowir 1626 Fraserburgh Kirk S. 19 July.
The sessioun finding no thing moir at the present to hir 1674 Edinb. B. Rec. X 195.
The treds … will … give evident testimonie of … there love to peace [and] order 1680 Kingarth Par. Rec. 122.
[He is] to come and acknowledge his guilt, it being relaps to him(b) 1375 Barb. iii 36.
Foly it war Tyll ws for till [etc.] 1425 Liber Melros 544.
Bute fraude or fauour tyle owthyre party ?14.. Ship Laws c. 27 (B).
Gyf ony debate be amang the schypmen … the maystyr aw to … ger it be amendyt … sufficiandly ilk ane tyl vthyr 1450 Peebles Chart. 15.
To govern swa that it be lovabil til God 1456 Hay I 30/4.
Romaynes … ar … till all strangearis unkyndely 1456 Hay II 80/17.
It is na vice in a king to be narow till himself and large to his subjectis 1456 Hay II 119/2.
Gif a man be fat and moyste, dry metis ar gude till him 1460 Hay Alex. 229.
Till all thing he set him passand habill c1460 Thewis Wysmen 95.
He speris of wysdome euir … And euir his ere rady tyll it c1475 Wall. xi 660.
Till a chyftane, thai held it fantasy To walk allayn c1500-c1512 Dunb. G. Targe 264 (M).
Till our eiris caus of grit delyt Ȝour angell mouthis most mellifluat 1520 Edinb. B. Rec. I 199.
It salbe lefull till tua of thame [etc.] 1535 Stewart 283.
Scota his wife, till him that wes so deir 1549 Compl. 184/21.
Forane princis that ar indefferent til Ingland and Scotland c1552 Lynd. Mon. 2741.
Thre dayis iornay tyll hym it wes a1585 Arbuthnot in Maitl. Q. 99/34.
No wardlie thing sould thé effray Gif thow till Him have conscience clein(c) 1524 St. P. Henry VIII IV 265.
As tho the thrid, I knaw na ewill tho hym

13. Expressing relationships of attachment or connection. a. Indicating physical contact. Also put hand till'd. Also in fig. context.See also Hand n. 10, 11 d, Pleuch n. 1 c, Put v. 3 h, 4 a, 5 b, etc. for further similar instances.(a) a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 530.
He grippit to ane grete speir 15.. Christis Kirk 59 (B).
The kensy cleikit to the cavell 1649 Sel. Biog. I 401.
Making me love my Saviour, and grip to him(b) a1400 Leg. S. xli 31.
He … cuplis thaim with hyme til hand Of luf c1420 Wynt. iii 475.
The post he tyt tyll hym sa fast Quhyll downe the hous [come] 1424 Grey Friars II 167.
Thus that clerk put that seel til yon wryt qwen he had wyrtyn it 1446 Rec. Earld. Orkney 51.
Our sailis … till thir presentis ar to hangit a1500 Rois Garlandis 117.
The quhilk wes nakit bundin till ane pillar and ewill scurgit 1596 Dalr. II 46/17.
Knut til a horstail … [he] is castne in a carte 1693 Answ. Presb. Eloq. 66.
Looking on the torn roof of his own church, he said, if Mis John … did not put hand till'd, it was een like to bide sae

b. Indicating (chiefly legal) obligation.(a) 1443 (1450) Reg. Great S. 85/1.
The foresaide takis, I … oblise me … to the saide Richarte Multrare … to be kepit to the ischa of the termis beforesaide 1460 Hay Alex. 1983.
Ȝe wat quhow ȝe ar oblist to me(b) 1409 Exch. R. IV ccix.
That the saide Archibald … oblisis him … till the saide Duc of Albany … that [etc.] 1442 Aberd. B. Rec. (SHS) cxii n.3.
David Hardgat [etc.] … oblist thaim ane as all and all as ane til a honorable knyght 1485 Antiq. Aberd. & B. III 32.
Me Jhone of Allerdes … trewly byndis and obleisis me … tile ane nobile man … and til his airis 1485 Antiq. Aberd. & B. III 137.
[They] ar bundyn ilk ane till vthir in lawtie and kyndnes 1513 Doug. vii i 163.
Adres thé nevir to knyt into wedlok Thi dochter til a man of Latyn land 1520 Edinb. B. Rec. I 200.
To the fulfilling of the premissis … the saidis … craftis … ar bundin and oblist till vtheris 1525 St. A. Formulare I 271.
I discharge al bandis … othire of lautie kyndnes or manrent … sua that na man be bundin to thame and that thai be bundin til all men 1573 Davidson in Sat. P. xlii 482.
Euerie kirk at leist craifis ane, And this bindis four till ane allane

14. With lang, pertene, etc., indicating possession.See also Lang v.² c, Pertenand ppl. adj., Pertene v. for further examples.(a) 1402 MacRae Early Sc. Texts No. 9.
Al chargis that langys to the king of the landis of the Cragtoun 1622-6 Bisset II 225/11.
The spulȝe … sall appertene to the … men of wear takeris thereof(b) c1420 Wynt. vii 2182.
That langis till honoure 1427 Melville Chart. 21.
The quhilk pertenys tile hym be lyne of heritage

15. Expressing a relationship, freq. familial or that between employee and employer. a. Indicating the person, etc. with whom the relationship obtains.(a) a1400 Leg. S. x 102.
Til the house come mare & les, That frendis to the ewnike was 1456–70 Acts XII 26/2.
He promittit … to be gud nychtbowr to ws and tyl our men 1513 Doug. i i 21.
Cartage … Ennymy to Itail 1406 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 63.
Kepare to the forsaide priorie 1456 Misc. Bann. C. III 97.
My Lord Erl of Ros … beand gud lord … to my barnes 1496 Acta Conc. II 35.
Wilȝeam, Bischop of Abirdene, Prive Sele to our soverane lord 1524 Reg. Privy S. I 492/1.
Makand the said Henry … chalmerer to the king for his life tyme ?1529 Bk. Carlaverock II 2.
Considering ȝe ar schiref to ws, and ballie to our said sister 1543 Douglas Corr. 152.
Schir Raufe Saidleir, imbassatour to the King of Ingland 1558–9 Aberd. Sheriff Ct. I 170.
Johnne Leslie … kyinnisman … to the said Williame 1592 Waus Corr. 490.
Thomas Kennedie … appearand air to Thomas Kennedie … his grandser 1629 Dundonald Par. Rec. 267.
Elizabet Power, servant to the Ledy Dregarne(b) 1375 Barb. xiii 511 (C).
Till hym neir syb was he a1400 Leg. S. ii 1047.
Thai till wrechit ydolis ay Has bene seruandis 1400 Red Bk. Menteith I 170.
I am bot the feirde degre of kyn tyll yhow c1420 Wynt. vii 1153.
He wes … Apperand ayre till oure kynryk 14.. Acts I 59/2.
Ony bondman the quhilk is kynd borne man till ane othir 1450 Reg. Episc. Brechin. I 152.
Thome of Cullace sone and air til Jhone of Cullace 1456 Hay I 173/32.
Gif a knycht war … maid prisonare … till his inymy c1460 Thewis Wysmen 320.
For ignorans and neglygens Ar ennemys till al sciens 1461 Sc. Lore I 343.
Johne Maiel govldsmche and verlete off chamer til the lorde the dalfyne 1494 Loutfut MS 15a.
vii virtuys dochtiris till verite 1496 Acta Conc. II 23.
Jhone … had bene in tutory til his eme 1500 Acta Conc. II 470.
[He] had ane schip callit the Bark of Liddale of the kingis hienes and was maister under God til hir 1501 Acta Conc. III 95.
[Duncane Richardsone] messingre til our soverane lord 1501 Doug. Pal. Hon. 5.
Flora quene till floures c1500-c1512 Dunb. Tua Mar. W. 407.
Nevir I likit a leid that langit till his blude 1509 Montgomery Mem. 73.
[They] sall … ilkane … stand afald and kyndlie till otheris 1537 Antiq. Aberd. & B. II 366.
Maister Alexander Strathauchin … livetennent to … Archbald Erle of Argill … Greit Justice till our souerane lord

b. Indicating the relationship that obtains between the persons specified.(a) ?1438 Alex. i 45.
Sampsoun tuik thay to thair gy a1500 Henr. Test. Cress. 485.
Of … Troy … Quhilk had to chiftane … Troylus c1500-c1512 Dunb. Tua Mar. W. 233.
I wald a tendir peronall … Had my gud man to hir gest c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 197/27.
Chryst to his fader he had nocht ane man 1513 Doug. iv ix 39.
To wytnes, the gret goddis draw I heyr 1547 Black Bk. Taymouth 185.
Thay … hes … chosyn … Jhon Cambell of Glenurquhay … to their cheyf c1550 Lynd. Meldrum 974.
Thair is na ladie, in all this land, May ȝow refuse to hir husband(b) 1396 Sc. Ant. XIV 217.
The sayd lorde erle sal gif to the sayd Scher Jone Elizabeth his eldast douchter tyl his wyfe

16. Expressing similarity, comparison, appropriateness or suitability, freq. with lyk, lykly, etc. Also proverb.See also Like adj. 1 and Likand ppl. adj. for further examples.(a) ?a1500 Steel Roy Robert 82.
Vnder the hewin is no kinryk Off sorow hes bein to ȝow lyk 1562-3 Winȝet I 3/6.
We … can esteme it to na thing mair lyke than to ane schip in ane dedely storme 1660 Rutherford Lett. (1894) 700.
It is but a private stroke … and little to the public arrows shot against grieved Josephproverb. a1598 Ferg. Prov. No. 816.
There is na foole to an auld fool(b) 1375 Barb. i 395.
Till gud Ector of Troy mycht he In mony thingis liknyt be a1400 Leg. S. xxiii 210.
A house … That gaynand ware his hyrdis til ?1438 Alex. ii 5681.
The king … hes treasure nane thé till! c1420 Wynt. i 45.
Tyll hys schape and hys lyklynes Man and angell fourmyd wes c1420 Wynt. ii Prol. 25.
Storys … mast lykly Tyll oure matere accordande c1420 Wynt. viii 2793.
For it lykyd till his will, He gave swne his consent thare till 1456 Hay II 60/30.
Company that him thocht na pere till him 1456 Hay II 91/16.
It afferis till all grete princis … to be ever hamely c1460 Wisd. Sol. (STS) 413.
It is nocht spedfull till a wykyt man … that [etc.] 1494 Loutfut MS 10b.
It may be liknit & comperit till virtues puisance & mycht c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 145/140.
Compair hir till the lilleis nobilnes

17. Contrar to, till, against. See also Contrar(e adj. 2, 3 b.(a) c1420 Wynt. vii 1802.
Till mony inconwenyentys, That war all contrare to the lawe(b) c1552 Lynd. Mon. 4827.
Contrar tyll Christis instytutioun … Rome hes thame grantit full remissioun

18. Expressing transformation from one thing into another. c1420 Ratis R. 1134.
To mak … A bunwed tyll a burly spere a1508 Kennedy Flyt. 399.
I sall … transforme thé till a fule 1513 Doug. vi i 146.
For dreid al turn bot til a mok or bourdis

B. To/till occurring before an infinitive.For a comprehensive account of the origin and history of this usage see OED To B.Freq. const. for to (till), see For prep. 11.

I. Expressing purpose, intention or result.

1. With an infinitive dependent on a verb: In order to.(a) a1400 Leg. S. xviii 1050.
Ȝoȝimas ran To kes hyre fete 1456 Hay I 141/28.
Gif a man of armes gais in weris to pele and to rub gere 1456 Hay II 18/26.
Knychthede was ordanyt to manetene and defend haly kirk a1500 Henr. Fab. 6.
The caus quhy thay first began Wes to repreif thé of thi misleuing a1500 Henr. Orph. 506.
Scho send hym doun vnto the sisteris thre, Apon thair quhele ay turnyt for tobe a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 939, 941 (Arund.).
Ask at God thi herd hert to resolf … To taist the rute of that confectioun 1490 Irland Mir. II 44/9.
How hewy woundis he tholit for us to purchas and impetrate forgevnes to ws a1500 Seven S. 1996.
He said gar grath my bed to ly To rest for trewly tyrit am I a1500 Seven S. 2672.
Thai … followis ȝow … To wit quhilk to the bird has richt 1493 Acta Aud. 184/1.
That lettrez be writtin to put this decrett to executioun 1494 Treas. Acc. I 241.
Gevin to Johne Keyre to pas to the schireffis of Abirdene … and Inuernes for the inbringing of the kingis dettis 1496 Treas. Acc. I 284.
Giffin to Dande Achinsone, to by hamys and kar sadillis to the king 1535 Stewart 20360.
[He] Bownit in Britane … His croun agane … for to win 1566–7 Inv. Q. Mary lv n.
Gif I had takin Paris and Gilbert to wryte to me 1574 Edinb. Test. III 215.
I leve my haill bukis to be ane commoun liberall to the new college a1644 Spottiswoode Misc. I 119.
James Galbrathe … wrote to his brothers to be upon their keeping(b) 1375 Barb. ix 133 (C).
The kingis men … thame apparalit Till defend, gif thai thame assalit 1375 Barb. xvi 8 (C).
The gud erll of Murreff … Tuk leiff in Scotland for till pas a1400 Leg. S. ix 43.
He … will leynde Fore til distroy ȝowre goddis all c1420 Wynt. i 42.
Men God made of noucht Hym for tyll ken c1420 Wynt. v 3194.
Off Brettayne gert be tane Off hwsbandys … Till inhabyt and hald that land 1459 Peebles B. Rec. I 132.
The balyais chessyt … of the worthiest men of the town … for tyl mak knawyn and tyl dissyide makeris of that fechtyng a1500 Henr. Robene & M. 79.
He fallowit hir fast thair till assaill 1513 Acta Conc. MS XXVI 5.
Ane certane day lymmitt to thaim till ansuer 1573 Davidson in Sat. P. xlii 602.
God gave to thame giftis … Thair legacie for till discharge a1578 Pitsc. II 50/27.
Thay besocht the governouris grace to continew the erle … and his broder and till intertenie tham as he wald [etc.] 1596 Dalr. I 252/9.
He dressis him selfe … to keip concord, to be a rychteous persoune, til expreme pietie(c) 1464 Soc. Ant. XXII 316.
In witnes of the quhilk thing … I have procurit … the sele of a worthi man … tae to put

b. With ellipsis of the finite verb, chiefly in the itemisation of accounts.(a) 1490 Treas. Acc. I 133.
To Schaw the currour to pas to summonde Schir Robert Abircrummy to the kingis instance 1534 Crim. Trials I i 283.
To Rothesay, herald, deliuerit letteris to Dunde [etc.] … to inbring thair taxtis 1566–7 Treas. Acc. XII 41.
To Martene Pitcavit, ypothegar, to mak furnesing of droggis 1674 Cunningham Diary 43.
To Andrew Cochran … to buy nails(b) 1429 Sc. Hist. Rev. XXXI 145.
Till a man til ber a letter till Schir Jhon Kennydy iiij d.

c. With ellipsis of the verbal element of the infinitive. 1424 Grey Friars II 167.
The seelle … was fune … but of ony wryt at it and Jon … schew it til certan nychbouris and speryt at tham gef sic a seelle mych mak tham ony profit and helpe tham til ony charter or evident

2. With an infinitive dependent on a noun, describing the (intended) function of the noun.(a) 1494 Treas. Acc. I 249.
Thre cellaris to kepe the burdis … in 1506 Treas. Acc. III 266.
Satin to be purses 1555 Edinb. B. Rec. II 359.
For bussumis to deycht the kirk with 1590 Edinb. D. Guild Acc. 392.
For flouris … to cast athort the … kirk flure 1586-7 Acc. Lady Bellenden 2.
To be cannons to my lordis breikis half quarter … taffaty 1592 Edinb. B. Rec. V 352.
xx daillis to be the cowmis 1625 Edinb. Test. LIII 185b.
Certane bolbiess to kennill fyre with(b) 1398–9 Acts I 211/1.
Strynthe til restreygnhe & punyse 1558 Mill Mediæv. Plays 183.
Canves tilbe the vij planets 1558 Mill Mediæv. Plays 184.
Ane wyne puntioun till put wyne in a1561 Q. Kennedy Breif Tract. (ed.) 126/30.
Nocht hauand … ane place till incline his hede to 1584 Aberd. Journal N. & Q. VI 119.
Twa deacones: an till attend upon the box

3. With an infinitive expressing intention or result: To, is to. a. With some other expression of intention or purpose in the context.(a) 1398–9 Acts I 211/2.
It is ordanyt that the duc of Albany [etc.] … to be deputit [etc.] 1513 Doug. iv vi 115.
I purposyt nocht forto hyde … My vayage, nor … secretly Away to steil(b) c1475 Wall. xi 1421.
His purpos was for till haue send it to Rom c1552 Lynd. Mon. 207.
Myne intentioun, Bene tyll deplore [etc.]

b. As complement of to be.(a) 1569-73 Bann. Memor. 234.
The regent was to put sum men thair(b) 1535 Stewart 55787.
My author thairof be for till trow 1590 Reg. Morton I 169.
I am till ryd vpon Frydday to meit with the Erll of Huntlie 1615 Sutherland Bk. II 117.
Schir James Stewart is till go wp to court in Apryill nixt

c. With omission of the finite verb be.(a) 1406 (1427) Reg. Great S. 17/2.
To be haldin and to be had the said landis to the said Jon c1420 Wynt. ii 394 (W).
The laif to pas hame 1458 Peebles B. Rec. I 128.
The qwhilk sowm … to be payd … qwhen it efferis c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 17/49.
Thy ten commandments: a God for to honour [etc.] 1531 Bell. Boece I 39.
The slayer of ane wolf to have ane ox to his reward 1549–50 Banff Ann. I 27.
The remanent of the day to pas to the hittis and swa furth ilk monat to the corne be in the ȝard 1563 St. A. Kirk S. 185.
Gyf Cristen or Jhon hes … ony other lawful defence to stop the mariaig … to allege the sam 1572-5 Diurn. Occurr. 237.
The saidis personis guidis … to be … inbrocht to hir [sc. the Queen's] vse a1585 Maitl. Q. 225/63.
Ane plesand sicht thair wes Of ladyis fair … and als Dame Chastitie, For to impyire abone the rest 1595 Edinb. Test. XXIX 33.
Hir bodie to be bureit 1672 Hist. Kinloss A. xvi.
The outlandish seids that cannot be win be the said George to be coft be the said John Hay(b) c1420 Wynt. vii 228.
Quhat lord thai suld ches to be kyng Fra thine till have the governyng Off Jerusalem 1454 Liber Coll. Glasg. 177.
With Placebo and Dirige tyll be songin in the quer and a messe with not 1463 Aberd. B. Rec. I 26.
The forsaide Thomas til sok til his warande gif he hafe ony til vpricht him a1500 Bk. Chess 1082.
The fift was … The prince rewler in battal suld he be Maisteris of law till hald the law till end Knychtis ilk ane the lawis to defend 1500 Acta Conc. II 449.
Under the pane of vj^c merkis for ilk ane of them till pay til uther that kepis nocht c1500 Rec. Earld. Orkney 75.
The said Mawus tilbe at his wantage till gadder the watter till the hycht of the hill in his awin fredome 1518 Bentinck Dornoch 98.
This gift … giffin be vs to the said Jhonne tilbe in als greit fors … as ony siclyk 1520 Rec. Earld. Orkney 205.
I quitclame and discharge the said Adame … the forsaid … laund … togidder with all richt … of the samyn, tilbe haldin and haid fra me 1529 Edinb. B. Rec. II 14.
Ane wnlaw tilbe tane of thame that falis 1529 Stirling B. Rec. I 35.
And sa till contynew … yeris and dayis enduryng his lyftyme 1531 Edinb. B. Rec. II 55.
With ane officiar of the tovne till pas with tham … for the … inbringyn of the forsaids dewteis 1535 Stewart 3531.
The counsallouris … Till heid or hang as thame self lykit best

4. With an infinitive dependent on a noun: Expressing a purpose, intention or necessary (or possible) outcome or effect.(a) a1400 Leg. S. ii 634.
Affermand ay that Criste Jhesu Wes Goddis sone in for to trow c1420 Wynt. ii 564.
All the madyne barnys he [sc. the king] Than to be borne [W. That were to beire] bad [W. suld] sawfyde be c1420 Wynt. viii 1930.
Hawe I noucht ellys to do nowe Bot wyn a kynryk to gyve yhowe? a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 908 (Arund.).
Thair is the cheif cherter of cherite, Movand our mynd for tobe amorus a1500 Henr. Fab. 341.
Syne doune scho lap quhen thair was nane to let hir 1493 Acta Aud. 171/1.
It wes preffit ther wes gudis onne the grond to haf pait the male 1494 Loutfut MS 9a.
He … suld haue gret raddour to failȝe 1513 Doug. i iv 29.
With gret desyre and thocht Tobe on grund, Troianys sped thame to land 1513 Doug. vii ix 44.
Gif ony chance restis mar tobedone, I sall … that mater rewle1563 St. A. Kirk S. 185 (see 3 c above). 1573-1600 King Cat. in Cath. Tr. 213/27.
Sinnes done aganes the fift commandement … To late any be inuistly condamned or bannisched(b) 1375 Barb. x 414 (C).
He that wes in iuperdy Till de, a lans till him he maid c1420 Ratis R. 515.
For God has grantit na resone To men till knaw the qualite Of His micht c1450-2 Howlat 400 (A).
On ilk beugh till embrace, Writtin in a bill was: ‘O Douglas [etc.]’ 1460 Hay Alex. 3353.
Thai had no laysere thame till array a1500 Bk. Chess 1579.
Awarice it is luf inordinate To gadder gold 1501 Doug. Pal. Hon. 417.
That angellike and godlie companie Till se me thocht a thing celestiall 1513 Doug. i v 134.
The quene … has kaucht Towart the Troianys a ful frendly mynd As on to thame tilbe bowsum and kynd c1552 Lynd. Mon. 2018.
He had ardent desyre Tyll iune that land tyll his impyre

b. To cum, expressing a period or point of future time, chiefly as in tyme to cum, or something occurring in or belonging to the future. c1409-1436 Kingis Q. § 14.
Wist thou thy payne to cum … wele myght thou wepe 1456 Hay I 25/33.
The quhilkis … was all thre takyn of evill tyme tocum 1477 Aberd. B. Rec. in Mill Mediæv. Plays 132.
[The Council] has grantit to the biging of the queyr al feis … that may be gottin for sevyn ȝeris tocum 1485 Acts II 170/2.
That na respittis be gevin in tym tocum 1501 Treas. Acc. II 93.
Giffin to Alexander Stewart … in his pensioun fra Witsonday tocum xx li. 1502 Prot. Bk. J. Foular I i 179.
Betuix this and Mychelmes next tocum 1513 Doug. iii iii 21.
The childryn for tocum of thine ofspryng 1555–6 Edinb. B. Rec. II 233.
The grete hurt of the saidis mylnis now instant and apperandlie tocum thairto 1572 Perth Guildry 350 (22 May).
In ony tyme tocum

5. With an infinitive expressing consequence or outcome: As the second of two clauses, the former finite, the latter (the infinitive) consequent upon, sequential after or an amplification of the former.(a) 1402 MacRae Early Sc. Texts No. 9.
The forsaide Katerine sal haf … the fissching … to hald & to haf … for al the terme of hir lyfe 1440 Acts II 55/2.
Our … souereyne lord will … gerr deliuer the castel of Kildrummy to the said lord of Erskyne … as the kingis castell tobe kepit be the said lord of Erskyne to the kingis … age and than to be deliuerit to the king a1500 Henr. Orph. 9.
It is contrair the lawis of nature A gentill man tobe degenerate a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 136 (Asl.).
We suld … Beseke Crist … All mortale syn that he may set on syd And syne in hevyn to haue ane endles crovne a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 1002 (Harl.).
Apon his hed thai thrang ane crown of thorn … ane croice to bere of tree a1500 Colk. Sow ii 177.
A pure pig … Thay had and tuk for ferme conclusioun To kill the samyn(b) c1420 Wynt. v 5098.
He mycht have bettyr done Till do as Catowne kend hys sone 14.. Acts I 55/2.
Eftir that dome be geyffin of ony man til be drownyt in watyr or til ber haite yrn or in batal to be slan 1456 Hay II 54/3.
A knycht suld have … pitee … of pure prysonaris quhen he has the maistry of thame, and till have mercy of thame for resonable finaunce a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 800 (Harl.).
Without recouer salbe ȝour residens … And of my persone neuer tyll haif presens 1535 Stewart 15292, 15293.
The Romanis … translaittit hes our croun … Syne efterwart … The nobill blude quhair that tha think best In other pairtis for till skaill … And in this land no langar for till byde a1538 Abell 121a.
The mariage stude for wmchouyn of gret skaith and sclandir that othirwais had occurrit and sa is till ondirstand of siklik 1549 Compl. 134/31.
I hed leuyr indure ȝour exactions nor til hef ane var prince in ȝour place c1552 Lynd. Mon. 3238.
It bene the Lordis mynde All creature tyll vse thare kynde c1552 Lynd. Mon. 3967.
All the Princis of Israell Conuenit agane the tyme of Peace, Bot tyll returne thay had no grace a1585 Maitl. Q. 162/56.
Our mair perfyte amitie Mair worthie recompence sould merit In hevin eternall deitie Amang the goddis till inherit 1663 Forbes Baron Ct. 243.
They who hes planted yardis or till plant

b. Introduced by than, offering an alternative outcome. a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 200 (Arund.).
For theif and reuer ȝe wilbe aduocat, Quhilk is mair syn … Than till commyt the principall actioun a1500 Quare Jel. 526.
A lady rather schuld hir deth ytak Than suich a wrech till have on to hir mak

6. With an infinitive in a parenthetic clause containing elements of purpose and comment. c1420 Wynt. v 399.
Thare … his lywe Twenty yhere he led, and fywe, And dayis awcht, till halde the date c1450-2 Howlat 113 (A).
I haue appelit to ȝour presence … That ye wald cry apon Crist … To schape me a schand bird … And, till accus nature, this is no nay

II. With loss of the sense of purpose or result, becoming merely the marker of the infinitive.

7. With an infinitive dependent on an intransitive verb. a. Where the subject of the intransitive verb is also the implied subject of the infinitive.Some or all of the dependent infinitives may rather be regarded as the infinitive object of a transitive verb.See the entries for many verbs for further examples.(a) 1375 Barb. i 158.
The kynryk ȝharn I nocht to have 1385–6 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 8 (ii).
The lande of Lytilton … aucht to dwell yn to Sir Patrick's Grayis hands c1420 Wynt. i 524.
Thai begowth … to fale 14.. Acts I 334/2.
At thai tak les custom than thai aw to do 1456 Hay II 16/12.
That he lere to governe hors and armouris 1489 Acts II 222/1.
Certane gentilmen … that has vsit to tak cawpis 1490 Irland Mir. III 6/37.
He mysteris medycyn and tobe helit 1513 Doug. i vii 11.
Ane part haistis tobeild the wallys … And sum to rays the gret castell 1513 Doug. xiii iv 82.
The snaill … gan do wrassill and to wreill 1533 Boece 188.
Natholok … lauborit … to affray his inemyis 1580-92 James VI Lusus Reg. 51.
Feu remember can For to haue seine gouuerning thaire a king that uas a man 1615 Highland P. III 175.
All of them … boistit to haife kilt the saids seruande(b) 1375 Barb. xix 3 (C).
Covatis, that can nocht ces Till set men apon felony a1400 Leg. S. xxxiii 330.
That he suld nocht irke Til honoure God 1401 MacRae Early Sc. Texts No. 8.
Hym nedit nocht … til mak sic pundyng c1420 Wynt. ii 524.
Thareoff … be kynd we ta For tyll be dowre c1420 Wynt. viii 98.
[Queen Margaret] apperyd till have bene Be the lawch off Norway quene 1460 Hay Alex. 416.
[He] bad him gif he thocht till haue victour c1475 Wall. i 33.
Quha likis till haif mar knowlege … Go reid [etc.] 1494 Loutfut MS 1a.
The richt … that ilkan of the saidis parteis wald … manteine till haff be thar office 1498–9 Acta Conc. II 293.
That this wod … is the kingis undoutable, and that this parti allegis til be infeft of the fostery … of it 1500 Acta Conc. II 433.
Gif this parti plesis tyl raise ony brevis 1549 Compl. 39/6.
The calfis began tyl mo 1567 G. Ball. 183.
Thay in thair exile Leirnit better till vnderstand The trew word 1587-99 Hume 23/207.
Eue … made the sinles man consent … Till eit a1605 Montg. Misc. P. xvii 88.
I sueir … til obey ȝou

b. Where the infinitive has a different subject, the second subject plus infinitive freq. being the equivalent of a that-clause.In the Wall. quot. the second subject (Baliol) is understood from the context.See also Happin v. 1 (5).(a) c1420 Wynt. ii 558 (C).
The [kyng] gert commande … The knayff barnys to put to dede [R. sulde be put to dede] 1592 Edinb. Test. XXIV 146.
I ordanes … hir breder to be inbring & helperis of hir dettis 1610 Crim. Trials III 83.
Quhilk band the said erle hes debaited to be lauchfull 1623 Perth Kirk S. MS 14 May.
Johne Hay … quhom all the countrie knew to beine wischit(b) c1420 Wynt. vii 236.
Thai … chesyd this Robert … Jerusalem as kyng till have c1475 Wall. i 70.
Couatus Balȝoune folowid on hym [sc. Edward I] fast, Till hald of hym he [sc. Edward] granttyt … In contrar rycht a king he [sc. Edward] maid hym [sc. Baliol] 1494 Loutfut MS 4b.
The quhilk thing pertenis to the marschall … til oursee & perfornyce & til put to execucion

8. With an infinitive dependent on a transitive verb, where the object of the transitive verb is the implied subject of the infinitive.See also Allege v. 2 b, Beseke v.¹ 3, Grant v. 2, Lere v. 1 b and many other transitive verbs for further examples.(a) 1406 (1427) Reg. Great S. 17/2.
To … defende tha said landis to the said Jon 1457–8 Acts II 49/2.
That na beggar be tholyt to beg c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 204/7.
Trubill nevir thy self … Uthiris to reiwll 1513 Doug. iii x 53.
The scharp dreid maid ws so to cach haist … And for toset our sail 1540 Lynd. Sat. 56 (B).
I beseik ȝow … To be patient c1552 Lynd. Mon. 2649.
Quhy thole ȝe thame to ryn from toun to toun 1613 Dunferm. B. Rec. II 113.
James Robertson only helpit him to mak ane pikadaill 1672 Hist. Kinloss A. xvi.
George Tailyour bindis and obligis him … to labor the said yeards and put them in a new frame(b) 1375 Barb. xix 127 (C).
The kyngis curtasye … levit him debonarly Till do of his land his liking 1390–1 Acts I 216/2.
It is done me til vndirstand that [etc.] 1398–9 Acts I 211/1.
The forsaid lieutenant be nocht haldyn tyl ansuer 1413 Antiq. Aberd. & B. IV 643.
The forsayde lady may be tretyt till vpp gyff tha landis c1420 Ratis R. 741.
I pray thé reid … And besy thé till wndirstand 1450 Reg. Episc. Brechin. I 127.
Jhone of Cullace … lattis the inhabitantis … til ois and laubur thar commone 1501 Acta Conc. III 6.
Ane instrument that requirit … Lord Drummond til pay til the … convent of Cowper of ane stane of walx 1520 (c1580) Edinb. B. Rec. I 195.
The toun sould cheis ony nychtbour … till be thair provest 1531–2 Selkirk B. Ct. (ed.) 119.
It is concordit … tyll lat Made Hendersone [etc.] 1535 Stewart 39533.
This wyne and aill syne haif tha maid till go Abundantlie vnto this king Sweno 1545 St. P. Henry VIII V 412.
I dissayre ȝow tille excuse me c1500-50 Brevis Cronica 330.
He … causit the nobillis till bring sindry lymmaris to his justice 1622-6 Bisset I 309/9.
Eftir he be called till compeir, he sall entir [etc.] 1628 Edinb. Univ. Chart. 119.
They appoint theme till confer thair lessouns till thrie houres(c) 1552–3 Rec. Earld. Orkney 248.
My vmbouthis man grantis me tle haue sauld [etc.](d) 1524 Douglas Corr. 81.
It will pleis ȝour henes for tho ramember that [etc.](e) c1535 Lennox Mun. 347.
Broider … I haf maid ȝow too jug betuix my broder … and me(f) 1638 Innes Sketches 372.
I desyr you to suffer your foster with you te wear murning

b. specif. In formulæ introducing the principal statement of a deed, charter, etc.: Following Be it kend us (me) etc. (see Ken v. 22 b).(a) 1589 Coll. Aberd. & B. 354.
Be it kend … me … to haif destinatit, gifin, and grantit [etc.](b) 1400 Red Bk. Grandtully I 148.
Wit ȝe me till haf ressavit [etc.] 1406 (1427) Reg. Great S. 17/1.
Be it kend … me … til haf gewin and til haf grantit [etc.] 1418 Liber Melros 540.
Be it knawin … us Archibald erle of Douglas … til haf lattyn to borch … til … the Abbot of Melros tha landis 1425 (1426) Reg. Great S. 11/1.
Be it kend tel al men … ws … fortil haff gewyn [etc.] 1526 Acta Conc. Publ. Aff. 247.
Witt ye us … till have gevin [etc.]

c. Dependent on a transitive verb where the subject of the infinitive is different from the object of the finite verb. a1585 Maitland in Maitl. Q. 49/31.
God give His grace the lordis till agrie That [etc.]

d. In a sequence of two infinitives where the second is dependent on the first. 1450 Aberd. B. Rec. (SHS) cxxxiii n. 4.
The said Thomas askit to be avysit til ansuer to the said borgh

9. In various constructions, chiefly in relation to to be. a. With the infinitive as subject of the verb. 1456 Hay II 85/9.
To help thame … reward … the courtasy that is maid till him is grete honour to princis c1460 Thewis Wysmen 133.
Tyll hald the mydlyng vay Is best 1580 Hume Promine L'envoy 4.
To speik euill, and do na gude thame hantis

b. As complement of to be.(a) c1475 Wall. xi 276.
Apon a dog no worschip is to wyn 1582 Reg. Morton I 133.
We could wouchsauffe to helpe him … gif that his hap war to be the first aduertiser(b) c1460 Thewis Wysmen 364.
Thar blythnes is vtherys tyll hurt

c. With constructions of the form it (there) is (something) to do, (something) that is to do.(a) 1375 Barb. xvi 312.
That ony poynȝe wer That is nocht for to [c. till] spek of her c1420 Wynt. ii 1302.
He hyr fourmyde in a kowe Bot that is noucht yhit all to trowe 1456 Hay I 231/12.
[I never] bare … suerd na knyf bot it war to kerue [pr. kerne] … my mete withe 1503 Treas. Acc. II 273.
Tymir tane fra the Erle of Bothuile … quhen thare wes nane othir to get a1578 Pitsc. I 405/28.
They … mischeiffit thair horse that force it was to tak tham to thair futte 1659 Melrose Reg. Rec. I 239.
It is great impudencie to the defender to deny the deteining of the said rig(b) c1450-2 Howlat 994 (A).
Bot gif I lak in my leid, that nocht till allow is 1456 Hay I 61/29.
Quhen the bataillis had sa lang lestit that it was grete mervaill till endure 1456 Hay I 72/5.
Quhethir it be lefull and laufull thing till entre [etc.] c1475 Wall. xi 464.
It war my det for till wndo thi kyn c1515 Asl. MS I 200/12.
It is nocht till haf bene writtin in ȝour … bukis les than it haf bene werite 1530 Edinb. B. Rec. II 37.
The said Dauid past … amangis the cleyne pepill … doand at was in him till haif infekkit all the toune 1550 Balcarres P. 310.
It is ane of the thyngs in the warld that I exteyme maist till haif hir graces presence dalie(c) 1585 Cal. Sc. P. VIII 154.
Disolute persons … for quho their his na person knowne tyalden to answer

d. That is (for) to (tyl) say, (that is) to wit.(a) 1395 MacRae Early Sc. Texts No. 4.
That is to say 14.. Acts I 71/2.
That is to wyt to ber hayt irne 1558 Knox IV 377.
Two punishmentes … to witte … anguishe, and payn 1569-73 Bann. Memor. 234.
To witt, 20 hagbutteris 1584 Acts III 362/1.
The new counsale … to wite the auld provest [etc.] c1590 Fowler II 65/5.
Ane lyke maner of sacrifice to witt vnbludie 1613 Misc. Maitl. C. III 35.
Sax quarteris of ane yeir, towitt to the xv day of Marche last 1611-57 Mure Hist. Rowallane 249.
These thrie kings … to witt King David Bruce, this Robert, and Robert the thirde(b) 1402 Alnwick Castle Deed.
To be payit at thre termys that is for tyl say fyfty markis at Martynmes [etc.]

10. With an infinitive dependent on an adjectival or participial complement of the main clause verb to be (with freq. omission of to be). a. Where the subject of the finite copula is also the subject of the infinitive.(a) c1405 Slater Early Sc. Texts No. 59.
It hade bene fayrar for him to haffe sende me that querell in to wyrt vndir his selle & til haff tane answere greable as afferit to him vnder my seelle c1420 Wynt. ii 517.
Is nane so redy … Off [auld] kyn newe to fynde c1450-2 Howlat 614 (A).
The plesand povne in a part provde to repaire a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 1209.
Blith to obeise 1513 Doug. ii ii 8.
By stowt curage reddy to athir of tway, Owder tobryng hys slycht … Or faillyng tharof, dowtles reddy to de 1560 Rolland Seven S. 1972.
Thocht scho be diligent … greit lesingis to inuent 1562-3 Winȝet I 113/20.
Ȝe grant ȝour selfis mair ruid and barber than euir wes natioun vnder heuin, to tak occasioun of idolatrie quhare nane is(b) a1400 Leg. S. xxvii 756.
He wes worthy sic gest til haf 1460 Hay Alex. 1224.
All the ȝoung princis … Quha was maist habill and worthie till haue gre 1528 Lynd. Dreme 543.
All mortal men ar insufficient Tyll considder thay thre in vnitie 1529 Acta Conc. MS xl 113.
Thir iiij erlis may nocht be laserit till await apon the consell 1543–4 Corr. M. Lorraine 68.
Ye ar rycht habyll tyll tyn all this throwe your awyn mysgydyng 1547 Cal. Sc. P. I 6.
I war rycht wa for till mak ane lee c1552 Lynd. Mon. 2660.
Far better had bene tyll haif biddin at hame a1568 Scott iv 21.
Ouirlait is till lament 1568 Argyll Fam. Lett. 7.
Intending for till haue bene [at that place] c1590 J. Stewart 107 § 3.
I am vnvordie till explaine c1610 Melville Mem. 6.
Therefoir suld the wyse courteour be laith till offend them 1640 Baillie I 280.
Readie till joyn(c) a1568 Lynd. Sat. in Bann. MS 202a/517.
I am content Tell pardoun ȝow

b. Where the subject of the finite copula is the object of the infinitive.(a) 1513 Doug. i ix 110.
Maste curyus tobehold a1538 Abell 9*a.
Penens is peralus to be deferrit(b) c1420 Wynt. viii 636.
Thare namys … ar strawnge … Thai are noucht eth till wndyrstand 1456 Hay I 182/27.
He was the mare till excus that he did it nocht maliciously a1500 Henr. Fab. 236.
Ane modicum is mair for till allow 1494 Loutfut MS 34a.
The tenche … is gud til et 1502 Acta Conc. XI 148.
The fairis … war wont til be kepit on the feistis of al hallowday 1535 Stewart 21168.
Buglis blast that hiedeous wes till heir c1552 Lynd. Mon. 5833.
Storyis … Quhilk langsum wer for tyll expone(c) a1400 Leg. S. vi 467.
The flesche … Is lathaste tu luk one

11. How to. a1499 Contempl. Sinn. 938 (Harl.).
Be diuers wayis … reuolue How till imprent this pieteous passioun

12. In the definition of a Latin verb. 1595 Duncan App. Etym.
Praesto-as, to len, to do, to be better

C. adv. I. In senses retaining some aspect of the directional nature of the preposition.See also the entries for many verbs.

1. absol. As a repetition of the preposition. a1400 Leg. S. v 360.
Sancte Johne tuk of … his kirtill, And to the vntreufull gawe it till

b. Expressing proximity, contact or attachment.See also Affix v., Put v. 51 for further examples.(a) 1512 Edinb. Hammermen 74.
For ane cleik of irne to fessin the lamp to 1525 (1527) Reg. Great S. 97/2.
In witnes of the quhilk thing we … hes appensit to our commone sele to thir lettres 1535 Stewart 61092.
Ane ladie … to the dur did clois 1582 Misc. Stair Soc. I 119.
The nedill hollis maid be sewing to of the buik with the covering 1584 Sempill in Sat. P. xlv 388.
With stones that mekle mair can doe, In leich craft, whair scho layis them toe 1600 Crim. Trials II 153.
He passit furth [and] lokkit to the dur 1653 Peebles B. Rec. II 18.
Each maister of familie … to lay to ane stone … for laying the ground of the bow bridge(b) 1579, 1617 Despauter (1579) 104.
Affrico, to rub till

c. fig. With various verbs, expressing the assumption of a task, application of a charge, addition of one thing to another, etc. a1500 Seven S. 86.
Quhen ane was tyrit ane nother ȝed to And gart him ythandly aye leire a1500 Seven S. 1460.
Than fell scho to and grat c1527 James V in Bk. Old Edinb. C. XI 116.
The thing at tha ar … chosyne to 1540 Lynd. Sat. 494 (Ch.).
First for to go to, And I sall leirne ȝow all kewis how to do 1551–2 Reg. Privy C. I 119.
Na trew man offendit to can get rameid 1560 Rolland Seven S. 3724.
Siclike charge ȝour grace now putis vs to It passis far our power for to do 1562-3 Winȝet II 12/12.
To the quhilk vnitie, Madame, … it wald help mekle gif twa thingis war to addit 1566-70 Buch. Comm. on Virgil Georgics iv 329.
Age, go to a1605 Montg. Ch. & Slae 561 (L).
Go to and mak na mair excuis

2. To and fra (too and again, bak and to). a. Expressing movement first in one direction then in the opposite, back and forth, hither and thither. Also fig.Cf. A prep. 1 (2) above.a. (1) 1375 Barb. vii 41.
The slouth-hund maid styntyn thar & waweryt lang tyme to & fra a1400 Leg. S. xxxiii 624.
He gert bedalis ga Oure the cyte to and fra c1420 Wynt. vi 2118 (W).
This wes ordanit at batis twa Suld serf the cuntre to and fra a1500 Henr. Fab. 330.
Fra fute to fute he kest hir to and fra, Quhylis vp, quhylis doun a1500 Henr. Fab. 1525.
Welterand about with hiddeous rummissing, Quhyle to, quhyle fra a1500 Henr. Fab. 1717.
I passit furth, syne lukit to and fro To se the soill a1500 Henr. Test. Cress. 479 (Ch.).
I counsall thé … To leir to clap thy clapper to and fro a1500 Bk. Chess 2000.
Currouris that beris letteris to & fro 1513 Doug. vii vii 4.
Alecto … this ilk Queyn Amata With Bacchus fury catchis to and fra 15.. King Berdok 43.
Thay saw the bus waig to & fra c1552 Lynd. Mon. 6207.
Walkand … quhare euer thay pleis to go … Boith est, or west, vp, doun, or to, or fro 1641 Acts V (1817) 629/2.
Ferrieing to and fra upone the said firthfig. 1573 Davidson in Sat. P. xl 42.
Riches … dois not abyde, Bot flittis and fochis euer to and fra(2) ?c1675 J. Gordon Hist. I 57.
The fashion is for drummers, to walk too and again, upon the heade or front of a company drawne upp 1690 Melville Corr. 156.
Hee was … by contrary windes driven back … , and plyed too and againe, three dayes(3) 1623–4 M. Works Acc. (ed.) II 153.
To foure warkmen that helpit bak and to wyth the peices

b. Here and there, in various places. 1513 Doug. vii viii 96.
Baith to and fro our all the cuntre syne … moderis … Thar ȝyng childring fast to thar brestis dyd brace

c. fig. Expressing either side of an argument, subject for discussion, feeling, etc. Also applied to the participants taking up opposite points of view. c1450-2 Howlat 270 (A).
Sum said to and sum fra Sum nay and sum ȝa Baith pro and contra Thus argewe thai all a1500 Lanc. 1229.
In to hir mynd thinking to and fro c1475 Wall. ii 268.
His hart was wicht, and flykeryt [1570 flikkerit] to and fro 15.. Clar. ii 1237.
Of the Greine Knicht was all thair comoning; So to and fro they spake quhile it was nicht 1567 G. Ball. 102.
The peple dois flow to and fra, Quhen thay the wickit with welth se do swa Thay dar be bald to dout [etc.] 1614 Melrose P. 148.
Efter much talking too and froe 1611-57 Mure Early Misc. P. i 92.
Tuix danger and desyer, Thus howering to and fro

3. a. Expressing movement towards (a destination).See also Gang v. 3 a, 4 b and Ganging vbl. n. and many other verbs for further examples.(a) 1445 Aberd. B. Rec. MS IV 401.
The fleschonares … sal sla ilke Settirdai or the sone gang too [etc.] 1481 Antiq. Aberd. & B. III 462.
Apone a day betuix the sone rysing and gaing to of that ilk a1599 Rollock Wks. I 326.
All eirthlie thingis evanischis as the sunne gais to, and darknes cummis(b) 1460 Hay Alex. 3169.
Ladynis the duk on fut couth se And till drew for to mak him rescours

II. In senses expressing addition or emphasis.

4. Modifying an adjective or adverb: Less than or more than is required by the context.(1) 1375 Barb. viii 268 (C).
Thai war all to few … Agane so feill to stand 1375 Barb. xiv 4.
The erle off Carrik … Thocht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brother and him alsua 1375 Barb. xiv 278 (C).
We ar fra hayme to fer to fle 1385 Rot. Sc. II 73/1.
The tyme is to schort to mak full redres ?1438 Alex. ii 4986.
He hes despysit, to myne avyse, To mekill baith prynces & lordis a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 240.
Micht nane … nygh thame to neir c1475 Wall. v 696.
Perchance ye think I war to law … For tyll attend to be your rychtwys wyff a1500 Seven S. 1986.
Thar was na danteis thaim to deire Bot gret blythnes and costly meit c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 113/18.
The silly lame wes all to small To [etc.] c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 175/5.
Remeid in tyme and rew nocht all to lait 1513 Doug. i Prol. 411.
All thoch I be tobald hym to repreif, He was fer baldar 1513 Doug. iv Prol. 127.
Temperat warmnes, nowthir to cald nor hait 1568 Hosack Mary Q. of Scots I 547.
The murtherar being to lait aduertesit, removit furth of Edinburgh 1584 Gray Lett. & P. 14.
Many thyngs more to longe too wryght a1605 Montg. Ch. & Slae 169 (W).
To lait I knaw [etc.] 1586–7 Cal. Sc. P. IX 239.
Men cannot be to curious in this perellus age a1598 Ferg. Prov. MS No. 1570.
Ye are to proud a hen for such a poor cok 1603 Lett. & St. P. Jas. VI 50.
They cannot guidlie … offend the quein at this toumest tyme of hir hieness disease 1614 Highland P. III 162.
Becauss it is to difficill to belewe thais pipill, I wold hawe [etc.] c1646 Craufurd Edinb. Univ. 19.
Till such tyme as the two great frequencie of auditoris made him to chuse another tyme 1683 New Mills Manuf. 46.
The … too near shearing of some cloth(b) c1420 Wynt. ii 1339.
He bade his sone … Hald ewyn in tyll a rawndown rycht, Noucht tyll hey … Na to law 1468 Acts II 92/1.
Rentis … war til hevy to thame in all estatis(2) ?1438 Alex. i 878.
Na ȝit the king sall nocht blame me To gretly a1500 Quare Jel. 438.
That sentence is interpret to amys a1500 Seven S. 833.
The tother wald spend to largely c1500-c1512 Dunb. (OUP) 14/59.
On his conscience he takis all to large 1563 Ferg. Tracts 8.
List that ye should think that we deale to austeirlie with you 1684 Peebles B. Rec. II 112.
The great prejudice … to the old burgessis of this toun through admitting of burgessis … to easily

b. Very. 1654 Fam. Innes 175.
Nor would I intertein your lordship so much with this subiect if ther war not tow just a ground

c. Too too, utterly, completely, very. 1618 W. Barclay Well 2.
This latelie found and newlie-knowne too-too vnknowne well 1626 Garden Worthies 79.
My … too too sklender skill 1652 Protestation Given in by the Dissenting Brethren to the General Assembly, July 21 3.
I shall be loath to trace that too-too ordinary by-path a1658 Durham Commandments 47.
Giving and receiving of gifts on new-years-day, too too common amongst Christians, though a heathenish custome

5. Also, in addition, likewise; moreover, besides.(a) c1420 Wynt. ii 1354 (W).
Twelf hundreth and xxx ȝeris beforne And twa ȝeris to or God wes borne a1500 Henr. Fab. 279.
‘How lang will this lest?’ ‘For euermair, I wait, and langer to’ c1475 Wall. vii 18.
Thair chyftayne can weill do, Rycht wys in wer, and has gret power to a1500 Seven S. 1320.
Syne heire my tale than may ȝe do Ȝour will on him and me to ?a1500 Remembr. Passion 209.
Think hou he wes circumcidit: … Think, to, how [etc.] a1538 Abell 82b.
He marit Sanct Walteyuis wife … He had a sone callit Walteyu to … he maid a collegion of the obseruance of regulair of channonis in a buke quhilk … is callit the ordur buke 1540 Lynd. Sat. Proclam. 113.
I slew with my richt hand Ane thousand, ȝe and ane thousand to 1540 Lynd. Sat. Proclam. 262.
Wald ȝe have my swerd? Ȝe mary sall ȝe … My gluvis of plait and knapskaw to 1570 Sempill Sat. P. xii 138.
The Lord of Hostes that heuin & eirth commandis, To keip our king from all vnhappy handis, the Quene of Ingland and her Counsall to(b) 1584 Sempill in Sat. P. xlv 186.
And mair, as he wald bid him doe, To give his servantis pensiones toe(c) 1611-57 Mure Sonn. v 14.
Had I mo lyfes, tham sould I hazart too 1633 Lithgow Poet. Remains 113.
But stile my Pilgrime, Lord Traveller too 1692 Presb. Eloq. (1693) 76.
David was made a king; … in truth he came very well too, Sirs(d) 1596 Wamphray Baron Ct. 16 Oct.
He hes nathing to ganesay the samyn that [he] suld be [of] als great effect as giue he had bene present ta

D. conj. I. Introducing a temporal clause.Cf. Quhil(l conj.

1. Up to a point in time when the situation described in the main clause is altered by the event described in the till-clause. Also const. till (to) that.(a) 1375 Barb. i 41.
The land … Lay desolat … Till that the barnage … Assemblyt thaim 1375 Barb. v 194.
Persy … lay lurkand … Tyll [C. To, H. while] the men off Northummyrland Suld cum a1400 Leg. S. ii 92.
Till he … fel one slepe c1450-2 Howlat 506 (A).
Throwout Cristendome kid War the deidis that he did Till on a tyme it betid [etc.] a1500 Henr. Fab. 340.
Scho … be the clukis craftelie can hing Till he wes gone c1515 Asl. MS I 215/20.
Tuke the qwene and put hire in ane chalmere and kepit hir stratlye thairin till scho was lowsit be the thre estatis 15… Edinb. Univ. MS La.iv.6.
I sall hir luff till I be deid 1500 Hist. Pluscardyn 117.
[They] payand yeirly till us … ane boll of meill … till … we … thinkis speidfull to big ane myll of our awin 1639 M. Works Acc. (ed.) II 408.
Givin to David Andersone sclaitter till his work be matt xx lib. 1653 Lamont Diary 57.
If he wold haue a litell patience till they called the rolle 1685 Lauder Observes 177.
That the match should last ay till the King's ships had buirded them(b) c1420 Wynt. vi 1644 (W).
He … Travalit all day, to [R. quhill, C. qwhil] the myrk nycht Partit him fra his cumpany a1500 Seven S. 1655.
He said it [sc. a tower] suld stand to that tyme That a virgin … Suld bere a son 1549–50 Banff Ann. I 27.
The haill guddis to be brot … to the said craigis … and swa furth ilk monat to the corne be in 1570 Inverness Rec. I 187.
To cause his buyth be closit to the cunsall be forder adwysit 1574–5 Haddington Treas. Acc. 5.
For wakin the kirk thre nychtis to the eist vall vas begit 1675 Cullen Kirk S. 5 Nov.
To be given … to the said William Lorimer … to tyme expyr

b. Up to the point in time when the situation described in the till-clause coincides with that described in the main clause. 1375 Barb. iii 387.
He thocht he to Kyntyr wald ga … Till wynter wedder war away c1475 Wall. ix 1222.
Thai lugyt thar till viij dayis was at end

c. With a negative or negative implication in the main clause: Before.(a) c1475 Wall. vii 394.
For sleuth nor sleip sall nayne remayne in me, Off this tempest till I a wengeance se 1537 Lynd. Depl. Magd. 35.
Bot quhair was thy discretion, That leit hir pas, til we had sene succession? 1558-66 Knox II 58.
Huntlie came not till that the seige was confirmit 1632 Lithgow Trav. v 231.
Scarcely were we well advanced in our way till wee were beset with more then three hundred Arabs a1633 Hope Major Pract. II 26.
Act dischargeing all bookeing and extracting of interloquitors till aither litiscontestation pas a1651 Calderwood V 148.
The king … said it would not be weill till noblemen … gott licence to breake ministers' heads(b) 1548 Corr. M. Lorraine 225.
My lordis gras wyll do no thing to hym to he coum hym self to hys gres

2. Up to the point in time when an activity or event described in the main clause produces by its action or the fact of its happening the result or outcome contained in the till-clause.(a) a1400 Leg. S. xxviii 276.
Men … with schorgis … Hyr far flesch raf, til al thai That by stud mycht wele thru the skine The guttis se 1391 MacRae Early Sc. Texts No. 3.
Than he or thai sal be gyn agayn tyl thai or he haff joyssit the landis befforsaid four ȝer pessabili ?1438 Alex. ii 1230.
He him [straik] in the blasoun Till of his speir he maid trounschoun c1420 Wynt. viii 6678.
Of the best men … Cheys thé ay tyll thé xxx^ti be c1515 Asl. MS I 223.
Thai … wald nocht lat him pas ony gait till he was oblist till assolȝe thaim c1500-c1512 Dunb. G. Targe 239.
Thay fyrit gunnis … Till that the reke raise to the firmanent c1550 Lynd. Meldrum 769.
[He] hat the capitane sic ane flap Upon his heid till he fell doun c1550 Lynd. Meldrum 1410.
I sall follow on the chace, Richt spedilie, baith day and nicht, Till I may get that cruell knicht 1611-57 Mure Dido & Æneas i 108.
The ile no sooner to their eyes appear'd, Till thither Palinure their pilote steir'd 1653 Lanark B. Rec. 150.
Hoisleris qwho sall sell drink till any till thai be drunk 1679 Salmon Borrowstounness 118.
[They are] to be wirried at a steack till they be dead(b) a1400 Leg. S. xxii 445.
Decius commawndyt … Laurence bryne … to he sacryfy Til his fals godis ?1438 Alex. i 152.
Lyonell … Sterit to him … ane steid, That hit him euin vpon the sheild, To flenderis flew c1420 Wynt. vi 2023 (W).
To put thin awne nek in ȝone ȝok, For thi stottis to draw ȝone stok, To thov and all thin were wraith 1447 (1451) Reg. Great S. 106/2.
Hir man sal ly upon the cost of the said Alex. … ay to the … malis … be fully pait a1500 Gol. & Gaw. 754.
Thai brochit blonkis to thair sydis out of blude braist

3. Passing into reference to space rather than time. a. In sense 1 a. b. In sense 2.a. 1688 Tryal Philip Standsfield 21.
I heard the voices continue … till … they came about the chamber windowb. 1446 Reg. Episc. Aberd. I 248.
Ascendand that burne til it worth a lech 1528 Lynd. Dreme 490.
Upwarte we did ascend … But rest, tyll we come to the firmament 1595 Reg. Great S. 109/2.
Keipand the west syde of the mertche rig of Grenies till it cum to ane carne(b) 1670 Kirkcudbr. Sheriff Ct. Processes No. 82 (14 July).
The merch … goes from the moase … to itt coume to thea knoues 1698 Rothesay B. Rec. 521.
A little comon loneing from the high way above Hendry Woods to it meit with the lands of Roseland

4. Where the action of the till-clause is contemporaneous with that of the main clause: Throughout a period of time, as long as, while; when.(a) 1375 Barb. vii 180, 181.
‘May I traist in thé me to waik Till ik a litill sleping tak.' ‘Ȝa schyr,' he said,'till I may drey' 1375 Barb. ix 105.
Thai wald nocht fecht till [C. quhill] that he wes Liand in till his seknes, Tharfor in litter thai him lay [etc.] a1400 Leg. S. Prol. 20.
Thai suld dresse thare deuocione … Tyl wyne hewine, tyl thai are here a1400 Leg. S. vi 359.
It is thankful thinge To gyfe almane … Til men liffis a1400 Leg. S. vii 124, etc.
Til he lifyt, halt wes he c1420 Wynt. vii 491 (W).
He said ‘Till I wes quhile [R. Quhille … I wes, C. Qwhil … I was] steward With my liege king' c1450 Cr. Deyng (STS) 94.
It is the sykirest to manis saluacione to be schrewyne and do worthy pennans tyll he is in prosperyte c1550 Lynd. Meldrum 1583.
As he leiuit, sa he endit, Plesandlie, till he micht indure c1552 Lynd. Mon. 1700.
Thare gret fortres than did thay founde And kaiste tyll thay gat souer grounde a1568 Bann. MS 21b/43.
Haif ws in mynd and grant ws meid Till in this frivoll flesche ar we 1662 Strathblane Par. 153.
I … restis your faithfull … servand … till I breath(b) a1400 Leg. S. i 304.
Mony, bath seke and sare, He helyt, to that he was thare a1500 Henr. Orph. 592.
Saif allanerly sic … thingis Quhilk vpoun trew … causis hingis, The quhilk mone cum, to thair causis indure

II. Introducing a concessive clause.

5. Though. c1420 Wynt. viii 151 (W).
Thai said succeid suld na female, Till funding mycht be ony male Off that blude ryall, to that he Were ferrare cummyn be a gre c1420 Wynt. viii 2837.
How that [E., A. to that, Au., E.² thocht, L. thocht that] I sympill be! My selle all tyme is noucht wyth me c1420 Wynt. viii 3683 (W).
Than said the lady scho wes ȝung, And hir lord wes ȝoung alsua, Off powere till haue barnis ma, To that [R., C. And set that] thai twa deid wes thare 1490 Irland Mir. II 104/31.
And to the ressouns and doctrine of Arestotill and his commentator Auarois be in the contrar thai ar sophistic and of nane awail 1490 Irland Mir. II 127/37.
Alsua the syn of the man and the merit remanis eftir his deid … as now dois the glorius passioun of Jhesus for our help and suple, to it be passit lang syn

E. adj. Describing something while proceeding towards a destination. 1531 Ayr Chart. 102.
Cum aquarum adductu et deductu, ly to laid and away laid